jtALEVY 447 HALICZ preserving meat, etc. He died in Ted- dington, Middlesex, England, Jan. 4, 1761. HALEVY, LUDOVIC, a French dra- matist; son of Leon; born in Paris, France, Jan. 1, 1834. In 1861 he became secretary to the Corps Legislatif. He first made himself known as the writer of the librettos to Offenbach's burlesques (partly in collaboration with Meilhac) ; "Orpheus in Hades" (1861) ; "Beautiful Helen" (1865); "Parisian Life" (1866); "Grand Duchess of Gerolstein" (1867) ; and "The Brigands" (1870). He wrote besides a large number of vaudevilles and comedies, among them "Froufrou" (1869) ; "Tricoche and Cacolet" (1872) ; "The Debutante's Husband" (1878) ; and "The Little Mother" (1880); "Madame and Monsieur Cardinal" (1873), and "The Little Cardinals" (1880). His "The Invasion" (1872) are personal recollec- tions of the war. In 1882 he published his charming idyllic story "Abbe Constan- tin," which has been well followed by "Criquette" (1883) and "Deux Mari- ages" (1883). Halevy was admitted to the Academy in 1886. He died May 8, 1908. HALIBURTON, THOMAS CHAND- LER, a Canadian-American jurist and author; born in Windsor, Nova Scotia, in December, 1796. He was called to the bar in 1820 and became a member of the House of Assembly. He was raised to the bench as chief -justice of the Com- mon Pleas in 1829, and in 1842 became judge of the Supreme Court. In 1856 he retired from the bench, and took up his residence in England. In 1858 he received the degree of D. C. L. from the University of Oxford, and in 1859 en- tered Parliament as Conservative mem- ber for Launceston. He is best known as the author of "Sam Slick," the name of a Yankee clockmaker and peddler, whose quaint drollery has given him a fair chance of immortality. The series of newspaper sketches in which this character had first been introduced was published in 1837 as "The Clockmaker, or Sayings and Doings of Samuel Slick of Slickville"; two later series followed in 1838 and 1840, and "The Attache, or Sam Slick in England"; in 1843. Hali- burton's other works include "A Histori- cal and Statistical Account of Nova Scotia"; "The Old Judge, or Life in a Colony"; "Yankee Stories, and Traits of American Humor"; "Nature and Human Nature"; and "Wise Saws and Modern Instances." He died in Isleworth, near London, England, Aug. 27, 1865. HAIilBUT, or HOLIBTJT, Hippoglos- sns vulgaris, one of the Pleuronectidx (flat fishes). It is a fish much akin to the turbot. The genuine turbot, Rhom- bus maximus, is, however, a different fish. The halibut is the larger of the two. It sometimes weighs from 300 to 400 pounds. HALIBUT ISLAND, an island in the North Pacific Ocean, near the S. W. ex- tremity of the peninsula of Alaska; lat. 54° 48' N., Ion. 164° 15' W. Circum- ference 22 miles. This island was dis- covered by Captain Cook, the celebrated navigator, who named it from the im- mense numbers of halibut taken off its shores. HALICARNASSITS (-nas'sus) (origi- nally called Zephyria), a Greek city of Caria, Asia Minor, on the Ceramic Gulf. It was founded by Dorian colonists from Troezen, and defended by several cita- dels, one of which, Salmacis, was deemed impregnable. Early in its history it be- came one of the cities of the so-called Dorian Hexapolis, from which confed- eracy, however, it was eventually ex- cluded. When the Persian power spread W. Halicarnassus readily submitted to the dominion of the conquerors. During this period, however, about 500 B. c, a domestic tyrant Lygdamis, rose to su- preme power as a vassal of Persia; and his descendants, without forfeiting the Greek character or ceasing to cultivate the Greek literature and arts, gradually extended their sway over all Caria. Among them was Mausolus, whose wife and sister Artemisia, to commemorate him after his death (353), erected the magnificent Mausoleum (g. v.), which was accounted one of the seven wonders of the world. It was under this king that the city attained its highest degree of splendor and prosperity. About 20 years later Alexander the Great de- stroyed the city by fire; but the inhabit- ants took refuge in the citadel, which successfully resisted his arms. "The city was afterward rebuilt, but it never re- covered its ancient importance or pros- perity. In the days of the Roman em- pire it had sunk into comparative insig- nificance. Halicarnassus was the birth- place of the Greek historians Herodotus and Dionysius. The site of the city is occupied by the modern Budrun. HALICZ (ha'lich), a town of Poland, in the province of Galicia ; on the Dniester, 69 miles S. E. E. of Lemberg. On a hill in the vicinity are the ruins of the once strongly fortified castle of Halicz, built in the 12th century, and the residence of the rulers of what was formerly the grand principality and kingdom of Halicz. From this word the name Galicia (g. v.) is derived. Be-
