HARI-RUD 471 HARMONY important seaport and maritime for- tress, but the rise of Havre, coupled with the sanding up of its harbor, led to its decay. It was taken after a six weeks' siege by the English under Henry V. in 1415, and during the next 25 years changed hands three times. It was pil- laged by the Huguenots in 1562. HARI-RUD (ha-re-rod') , or HERI- RUD (her-e-), a river of Asia, which rises in the Hindu Kush about 150 miles W. from Kabul, pursues a W. course through - Afghanistan for nearly 250 miles; then, bending suddenly to the N., it forms the boundary between Persia and Turkestan, and, after a further course of about 250 miles, loses itself in several arms in the Tekke Turkoman oasis. HARLAN, JOHN MARSHALL, an American jurist; born in Boyle co., Ky., June 1, 1833, was graduated at Centre College in 1850; became a lawyer; served in the Civil War; was attorney- general of Kentucky; a member of the Louisiana Investigation Commission of 1877, and in the same year was made associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. In 1892 he was an arbitrator on behalf of the United States before the Bering Sea tribunal. He died in 1911. HARLAND, HENRY, pseudonym Sid- ney LuSKA, an Anglo-American novel- ist; born in St. Petersburg, Russia, in March, 1861. He removed to London, where he edited the "Yellow Book." He wrote: "As It Was Written" (1885), "Mrs. Peixada" (1886) ; "The Land of Love" (1887); "My Uncle Florimond" (1888) ; "The Yoke of the Thorah" (1887) ; "Mr. Sonnenschein's Inherit- ance" (1888); "A Latin-Quarter Court- ship"; "Comedies and Errors" (1898); "Cardinal's Snuff-box" (1900); etc. He died in 1905. HARLAND, MARION. See TeRHUNE. HARLAW, a place 18 miles N. W. of Aberdeen, the site of a battle fought July 24, 1411, between the Highlanders, led by Donald, Lord of the Isles, and the Lowlanders of Mar, Garioch, Buchan, Angus, and Mearns, under Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar. The battle was long and bloody, but the Highlanders were at last defeated. HARLEM, a part of New York City above 106th street. See New^ York City. HARLEM RIVER, a tidal channel which separates Manhattan Island from the mainland of the State of New York. It communicates with the Hudson river on the W. by means of Spuyten Duyvil creek, and with the East river at Hell Gate. It is about 7 miles long. The Harlem canal, which connects with the East river, was opened June 17, 1895. HARLINGEN (hiir'ling-en) , a sea- port of the Netherlands, in the province of Friesland, on the Zuider Zee, 14 miles W. by S. from Leeuwarden. It has a good harbor, protected from the sea by dykes. The manufacture of woolen sacks and machines and shipbuilding are the chief industries. Butter and cattle are exported to England. Pop. about 11,000. HARMON, JUDSON, an American public official, born in Newton, O., in 1846. He graduated from Denison Uni- versity in 1866, and from the Cincinnati Law School in 1869. He was elected Mayor of Wyoming, 0., in 1875, and from 1876 to 1877 he was judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and was judge of the Superior Court from 1878 to 1887. He was appointed attorney-general of the United States by President Cleve- land, in 1895, serving until 1897. He was governor of Ohio from 1909 to 1911, and from 1911 to 1913. In 1912 he was a Democratic candidate for the nomina- tion for the presidency. HARMONIC, in mathematics, applied to numbers, terms of certain ratios, pro- portions, etc., which have certain rela- tions or properties resembling those of musical concords. In music, applied to the sounds produced by a vibrating string or column of air, when it is sub- divided into its aliquot parts. Also (1) One of the sounds produced by a vibrat- ing string or column of air, when it is subdivided into its aliquot parts. (2) An artifical tone produced in a stringed instrument («) by varying the point of contact with the bow, or (6) by slightly pressing the string at the nodes or di- visions of its aliquot parts iV2, 1-3, M, etc.). In wind instruments, harmonics are produced by varying the intensity of the air current from the mouth. See Harmony. HARMONY, a union of sounds which individually appear different, but when heard together form a collective sound called a chord. All musical compositions can be reduced to a fundamental har- mony of successive chords, which, in their progression, are regulated by the rules of the theory of music. Dissonant as well as consonant chords are included as forming harmony, as they are a union of several sounds that have but one fundamental sound or bass note in com- mon. The harmony of chords can either be close or open, which the position or distance of the sounds or intervals from
