HASTINGS 482 HAUPTMANN chemicals, etc. Pop. (1910) 4,552; (1920) 5,526. HASTINGS, WARREN, first Gover- ernor-general of India; born in Dayles- ford, Worcestershire, in 1732. He was educated at Westminster School, and in 1750 he set out for Bengal in the capac- ity of a writer in the service of the East India Company. When stationed at Cos- «imbazar he was taken prisoner by Surajah Dowlah on the capture of the place (1756). Having made his escape, he served as a volunteer under Clive in 1757, He was representative of the com- pany at Moorshedabad from 1758 to 1761. In the latter year he removed to Calcutta, having obtained a seat in the Bengal Council, but returned to England in 1764. As he lost the bulk of his means by unfortunate Indian invest- ments, he again entered the company's service, and sailed for India in 1769. In consequence of the misgovernment of the Nabob of Bengal the company had de- prived him of all real power, and now wished to have the country more directly under their control. Warren Hastings was its chief instrument in this under- taking, and in 1772 became president of the Supreme Council of Calcutta. His administration during the succeeding twelve years aroused much criticism in England, and a motion for his recall was passed by the House of Commons. Fox's India Bill was thrown out in 1783, but next year Pitt's bill, establishing the board of control, passed, and Hastings resigned. He left India in 1785, and was impeached by Burke in 1786, being charged with acts of injustice and op- pression, with maladministration, receiv- ing of bribes, etc. This celebrated trial, in which Burke, Fox, and Sheridan thun- dered against him, began in 1788, and terminated in 1795 with his acquittal, but cost him his fortune. The company in 1796 settled on him an annuity of $20,000 a year, and lent him $250,000 for 18 years free of interest. He died in 1818. HAT, the principal head covering of the human family, distinguished from the cap or bonnet by having a brim around it. The hat, as a roomy brimmed head-covering, is the direct descendant of the petasus of the ancient Greeks, which was distinguished from the other Greek head-gear, the pileus, by the posses- sion of a brim, useful for protecting its wearer from the rays of the sun. HATCHEE, or HATCHIE, a river, rising in Tippah co., Miss., passes through part of Tennessee, and enters the_ Mississippi river near Randolph. An action occurred at Davies' Bridge on this river, Oct. 6, 1862, between a Con- federate force under General Van Dorn, and one of National troops under Gen- eral Ord, in which the former were de- feated with the loss of 300 prisoners and two batteries. Ord and Veatch were wounded during this battle. HATCHERY, a house for hatching fisk etc. HATTERAS, CAPE, a low point of North Carolina, forming part of a sand- bank, in lat. 35° 15' N. and Ion. 75° 31' W. The coast line here turns from the direction of N. E. to that of due N.; vio- lent storms are frequent, and render navigation dangerous and the island is marked by a light raised 190 Jeet above the sea. HATTIESBURG, a city of Mississippi, the county-seat of Forrest co. It is on the New Orleans and Northeastern, the New Orleans, Mobile, and Chicago, the Mississippi Central, and the Gulf and Ship Island railroads, and on the Leaf river. It is the center of an im- portant lumbering region. Its other in- dustries include railroad shops, wood- working plants, machine shops and man- ufactui'e of fertilizers, mattresses, etc. It is the seat of the Baptist Woman's College. Pop. (1910) 11,733; (1920) 13,270. HAUCK, MINNIE, an American op- era singer; born in New York City Nov. 16, 1852. Her first appearance was in concert in New Orleans when only 13 years old. She aftei-ward studied with Errani in New York and made her oper. atic debut in "La Somnambula" in 1868. She was uniformly successful both in the United States and European coun- tries. She married the Chevalier de Hesse-Wartegg and retired in 1896. HAUPTMANN, GERHART (houpf man), a German dramatist and poet; born in Salzbrunn, Silesia, Nov. 15, 1862. He was a scholar of solid attainments at Jena and Berlin. His taste for practi- cal sociology comes out strongly in his intense and powerful poems and dramas; he settled on a small Silesian farm sole- ly to study peasant life. He traveled widely, visiting the United States in 1894. His first play, "Promethidenlos" (1885) was conventional; but under Ib- sen's inspiration he soon broke away from the old lines, producing "Before Sunrise" and "A Family Catastrophe,'* tragedies of labor. These and subse- quent plays gave him world-vdde repute. He later turned to comedy, but "The Weavers" and its successors represent his forte. Among his later plays may be mentioned "Mathilde" (1902); "Ein-
