HAUBAKI 483 HAVANA hart der Lachler" (1907) ; "The Apostle," a novel (1902). HAURAKI (ho-ra-'ke), a gulf and a gold-bearing peninsula of New Zealand, opposite Auckland. HAURAN (ha-ran'), a large district in Syria, E. of the Sea of Galilee. The name is sometimes restricted to one fer- tile plain there. HAUSSA, or HOTJSSA (ho'sa), a people of the Sudan, who have been con- quered by the Fulbe, and now constitute the larger part of the population in Sokoto, Adamawa, and Gando. Whether they are of pure Negro race, or an immi- grant wave of ancient Hamitic stock, now indistinguishable from the Negroes, is not yet fully determined. Their lan- guage is allied in its grammatical forms with the Hamitic tongues to the E. and N., while its vocabulary resembles in many points that of the neighboring Negro tribes. At any rate the Haussa language is the common medium of com- munication in the commercial world of central Sudan. The Haussa themselves are keen traders, and also occupy them- selves with agriculture and industrial pursuits (weaving, dyeing, tanning, etc., and the making of baskets, pottery, and iron impements). They have adopted Islam from their conquerors. HAUSSONVILLE, GABRIEL PAUL OTHENIN DE CLERON^ COMTE D' (dos'Sn-vel), a French litterateur; born in Gurcy-Ie-Chatal, Seine-et-Marne, Sept. 21, 1843. tie became a member of the French Academy, and one of the leading contributors to the "Review of the Two Worlds." His reputation rests on literary monographs among which are "Sainte Beuve, His Life and Works" (1875); "George Sand"; "Prescott," etc. (1879- 1888) ; and works like "Across the United States" (1883), notes and im- pressions; "Social Studies" (1886) ; "Madame de La Fayette" (1891) ; "La- cordaire" (1896) ; "Duchesse de Bour- gogne" (1901) ; "Paris Charitable et Bienfaisant" (1912), etc. HAUTE-GARONNE. See GARONNE. Haute. HAUTE-LOIRE. See LOIRE, Haute. HAUTE-MARNE. See Marne. HAUTES and BASSES ALPES. See Alpes. HAUTE-SAONE. See Saone, Haute. HAUTE-SAVOIE. See Savoy. HAUTE-VIENNE. See ViENNE, Haute. HAVANA, a province of Cuba, in the western part of the island, from the Gulf of Mexico to the Caribbean Sea, bounded on the west by the province of Pinar del Rio, and on the east by the pi-ovince of Matanzas. Although the smallest of the provinces of Cuba (area 31.74 square miles), it is the second largest in the point of population, which in 1919 was 697,583. It is also commer- cially the most important province of the Republic, having many large cigar and cigarette factories, sugar and saw mills, distilleries, tanneries, and foun- dries. Its surface is low and undulating. Besides valuable cabinet timber from its many forests it produces bananas, corn, pineapples, sugar cane, tobacco, vege- tables, and yucca. The capital is Hav- ana {q. v.). HAVANA, a city and capital of the island of Cuba, on Havana Bay, on the N. coast. It is one of the most impor- tant commercial points in the Western hemisphere, and its harbor is one of the finest in the world, well sheltered, and entered through a deep and narrow channel, opening into a large basin, ca- pable of sheltering 1,000 vessels. The harbor is provided with excellent cov- ered wharves, and a dry dock. The city is divided into two sections, the older one of which has narrow, crooked streets, while the modern Havana has broad and beautiful avenues. The parks and prom- enades of Havana are among the most beautiful in the world; among them are the Plaza de Armas, in front of the gov- ernor's palace; the Alameda de Paula, along the bay; and the Parque de Isabel. Among the notable buildings are the Opera House; the Cathedral, built in 1724; the Government Buildings; and the celebrated fortresses, Morro Castle and Punta, at the mouth of the harbor; and La Cabana, a fortress S. E. of Morro. The city has a university, botanical gar- dens, scientific, educational and benevo- lent societies, gas and electric lights, and an excellent water supply, from the Chorrera. From 1761 till after the American occupation yellow fever was epidemic every summer, often very severe, but improved sanitary condi- tions, due to the rigid rule of the Ameri- can military authorities, have stamped out the disease. The manufactures of the city include cigars and cigarettes, sugar, rum, straw hats, molasses, honey, and preserved fruits. It has railroad communications with Cabanos, Matan- zas, Santiago, and other cities, and steamship lines to the United States, France, Spain, and Great Britain. Ha- vana was for years the seat of Spanish power in Cuba. The city was formally evacuated bv the Spanish on Jan. 1, 1899. Pop. (1918) 360,500. See Cuba.
