HAVELOCK, SIR HENRY, an English general; born in 1795. In 1856 he commanded a division of the army which invaded Persia. In 1857, upon the breaking out of the Sepoy mutiny, he made a forced march from Allahabad to Cawnpur, but reached the latter city too late to prevent the massacre which occurred there. After defeating the rebels in three different engagements, he continued his march toward Lucknow, then beleaguered by a formidable force of mutineers. After victoriously fighting eight more battles with the enemy, he fought his way through the besieging army around Lucknow, and accomplished the relief of its exhausted garrison. For this service he received general rank, was created a baronet, and decorated with the cross of the Bath. He died in 1857.
HAVERFORD COLLEGE, an educational institution in Haverford, Pa.; founded in 1833, by the Society of Friends, under the name of Haverford School, and was made a college in 1856. It possesses a well-selected library, a chemical laboratory, philosophical apparatus, mineralogical and geological cabinets, an astronomical observatory and a gymnasium. It was the first collegiate institution founded and conducted entirely within the Society of Friends, and since 1849 others besides the sons of Friends have been admitted. In 1919 it reported: Professors and instructors, 25; students, 200; volumes in the library, 80,000; president, William Wistar Comfort, Ph. D.; Litt. D., L.L. D.
HAVERGAL, FRANCES RIDLEY, an English author; born in Astley, Worcestershire, Dec. 14, 1836. She began to write hymns and letters in verse at the age of 7, but did not publish anything till 1860. She was a frequent contributor to “Good Words.” Among over 30 publications, which once enjoyed considerable popularity, may be noticed: “The Four Happy Days” (1873); “Under the Surface” (1874), poems; “Royal Graces and Loyal Gifts” (6 vols. 1879); “Under His Shadow” (1879); and a number of posthumous works by various editors. She died in Swansea, Wales, June 3, 1879.
HAVERHILL, a city in Essex co., Mass.; on the Merrimac river, and on the Boston and Maine railroad; 33 miles N. of Boston. It is connected by bridges with the towns of Groveland and Bradford on the opposite side of the Merrimac, and has extensive manufactures of boots and shoes, hats, cotton and woolen goods, leather, lumber and brick. It is the trade center of a large farming district, and has gas and electric lights, electric street railways, waterworks, public high school, public library, daily and weekly newspapers, 4 National Banks and many notable public buildings. The city, originally the Indian village of Pentucket, was settled in 1640, incorporated as a town in 1645, and was chartered as a city in 1869. The birthplace of John Greenleaf Whittier. Pop. (1910) 44,115; (1920) 53,884.
HAVERSTRAW, formerly Warren, a city in Rockland co., N. Y.; on the Hudson river, and on the West Shore, the New Jersey and New York, and the New York, Ontario and Western railroads; 35 miles N. of New York City. It is the largest brick manufacturing city in the world. Other manufactures are brick-making machinery, dynamite, and baskets. The city has several parks, and points of interest, electric lights and street railways, daily and weekly newspapers. National bank. Pop. (1890) 5,070; (1900) 5,935; (1920) 5,226.
HAVRE, or LA HAVRE (ävr), formerly Havre de Grace, a fortified town, and the principal seaport on the W. coast of France. It is built on a low alluvial tract of land recovered from the sea, and is divided into unequal parts by its outward port and basins. The town has wide thoroughfares, and is clean and well-built, but presents few architectural features of interest. The port, which is the best and most accessible on the coast, consists of three basins separated from each other, and from the outer port, by locks. There are two roadsteads; the great, or outer, is about a league from the port, and the little, or inner roadstead, about half a league. Havre, being the seaport of Paris, most of the colonial and other products destined for its consumption are imported thither. The manufactures are chemicals, furniture, earthenware, oil, tobacco, rope, etc. Shipbuilding is also extensively engaged in. When the Germans invaded Belgium in 1914 Havre became the seat of the Belgian Government. Pop. about 136,000.
HAWAII, a territory of the United States of America, consisting of a group of islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean; 2,000 miles from San Francisco; area, 6,449 square miles; capital Honolulu.
Topography.—The surface of the islands is exceedingly mountainous and of volcanic origin, with numerous active and quiescent volcanoes. The most prominent physical features of the group are the mountain peaks of Mauna Kea, and Mauna Loa, both 14,000 feet in height. Kilauea, on the Mauna Loa
