HEGEL 496 command ; N. of Jerusalem the 7th Turk- ish army, under Fevri Pasha; and E. of Jordan, based upon Ammam, the 4th Turkish army. It was the last army which was concerned in resisting the advance N. of the Arabs of the Hedjaz, and its difficulties were great. The Arabs were not slow to perceive the difficulty of the Turkish position and they continued their operations, winning minor successes as the Turkish diffi- culties increased, and receiving from the British all the aid that could be given them. Before the Turkish collapse the Hedjaz had been cleared largely of Turk- ish troops and the Arabs had been in- stalled in the garrisons at Mecca and Medina. Following the downfall of the Turks the independence of the Hedjaz was proclaimed by the Arabs and was guaranteed by the Treaty with Turkey. The Emir Hussein assumed the title of king in Nov., 1916. HEGEIi (ha'gl), GEORG WILHELM EBIEDRICH, a German metaphysician; born in Stuttgart, in 1770. He studied at the theological institute of Tiibingen from 1788-1793, and was next a private tutor at Berne (1793-1796), and subse- quently at Frankfort-on-the-Main (1797- 1800). Having removed to Jena, and contracted an intimacy with Schelling, he devoted himself to metaphysical study. After the battle of Jena, Hegel was employed on a newspaper at Bam- berg till 1808. He was professor successively at Jena, Heidelberg, and Berlin. He was at first the disciple of Schelling, with whom he was associated in the conduct of a philosophical journal in 1802-1803. But his opinions gradually took a dif- ferent turn. He rejected Schelling's intellectual intuition as an unwarrant- able assumption, though he continued to maintain its leading idea — the unity of the subjective or ideal, and the objective or real; and in this idea endeavored to establish that absolute cognition and absolute truth, which alone, according to this school, can satisfy the demands of the philosophical spirit. Hegel seems not to have perfected his system; and as he had no power of exposition, or of lucid expression of his thoughts, it is impossible to give a clear view of his philosophy. His most important works are his "Phenomenology of the Mind"; "Logic"; and "Encyclopaedia of Philo- sophical Sciences." He died in Berlin, in 1831. HEIDELBERG (hi'dl-berc) , a town of Baden ; on the left bank of the Neckar, here crossed by two bridges; in one of the loveliest districts of Germany. It is HEIFETZ on a narrow strip between the river and the castlerock and Geisberg, spurs of the Konigstuhl (1,850 feet) ; and chiefly con- sists of one main street and less impor- tant cross and paralled streets. The prin- cipal buildings are: The church of St. Peter; the church of the Holy Ghost; the castle, anciently the residence of the Electors Palatine; Heildelberg Univer- sity (g. V.) ; the town house, etc. The castle, begun in the end of the 13th cen- tury, and exhibiting elaborate examples of early and late Renaissance archi- tecture, is the most remarkable edifice in Heidelberg. It is now an ivy-clad ruin, but is carefully preserved from fur- ther decay. The principal industry is brewing. One of the greatest curiosities of the place is the Heidelberg tun, kept in a cellar under the castle. It is 36 feet in length, 26 in diameter, and ca- pable of holding 800 hogsheads. Heidel- berg is rich in public walks and fine views, that from the Konigstuhl being of surpassing beauty. It was long the capi- tal of the Palatinate, but was superseded by Mannheim in 1720. In 1622 Tilly cap- tured and sacked the city, A similar fate overtook it in 1689 and 1693 at the hands of the French. Pop. about 56,000. HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY, a co- educational institution in Tiffin, O. ; founded in 1850 under the auspices of the Reformed Church in the United States; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 25; students, 331; president, C. E. Miller, D. D. HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY, a re- nowned institution in Heidelberg, Ger- many. It was founded by the Elector Rupert I. in 1386, and continued to flourish till the period of the Thirty Years' War, when it began to decline. In 1802, however, when the town with the surrounding territory was assigned to the Grand-duke of Baden, a new era commenced for the university, and it rapidly became famous. It comprises faculties of theology, law, medicine, and philosophy. In 1914 there were 196 professors and instructors, over 2,300 students, and 500,000 volumes and 4,700 MSS. in its library. Many of the most famous German scholars have been pro- fessors here — Reuchlin, (Ecolampadius, Spanheim, Puffendorf, Gervinus, Paulus, Kuno Fischer, Helmholtz, Bunsen, BKintschli, etc. HEIFETZ, JASCHA, a Russian violin- ist, born at Vilna, Russia, in 1901. He began studying the violin at the age of 3, and at 5 years of age entered the Royal School of Music at Vilna. He continued to study at St. Petersburg and made his first public appearance at the
