PASIG 134 PASSCHENDAELE French protection, until the victorious re- entry of the Serbian army into Belgrade, after the final defeat of the Central Powers in 1918. PASIG, a city of the Philippines, the capital of the province of Rizal in Luzon. The city suffered from the insurrection >f 1897 when a large part of the city was burned. Its chief industry is the manufacturing of pottery. Pop. about 12,000. PASIPHAE, the wife of Minos, and mother of the Minotaur. PASQUE FLOWER, or PASCHAL PLOWER, Anemone Pulsatilla, it has a tuberous root and is common in bor- ders. It is a very handsome plant, with purple, externally silky flowers. PASSAIC, a city in Passaic co., N. J.; on the Passaic river, and on the New York, Susquehanna and Western, the Lackawanna and the Erie railroads; 12 miles N. W. of New York. It contains Vv^aterworks, electric street railroads con- necting with Hoboken, Paterson and Newark, electric lights. Emergency Hos- pital, public library. National and State banks, and daily and weekly newspapers. It has extensive print works, woolen mills, silk mills, bleachery, shoddy mills, whip factory, manufactory of blankets, tanneries, etc. Pop. (1910) 54,773; (1920) 63,834. PASSAMAQUODDY BAY, in North America, opens out of the Bay of Fundy, at the mouth of the St. Croix river, be- tween Maine and New Brunswick. It is 15 miles long by 10 wide, and shut in by a cluster of islands so as to form an excellent harbor. PASSAROWITZ, or POSHARE- WATZ, a town of Serbia, 9 miles S. of the Danube and 40 S. E. of Belgrade. Here was signed, July 21, 1718, the treaty between Venice and the emperor, on the one side, and the Porte on the other, by which a truce of 25 years was established, and the Banat of Temesvar, the W. portion of Wallachia and Serbia, Belgrade, and part of Bosnia were se- cured to Austria. Pop. 4,000. It was occupied by the Germans in 1915. PASSAU, a town of Bavaria, on a rocky tongue of land, on the right bank of the Danube, beside the influx of the Inn, and opposite the confluence of the Hz with the Danube, close to the frontier of Austria. The cathedral was rebuilt after a fire in 1680; the bishop's palace is now in part converted into public offices. The Passau Agreement between the Roman Catholic and Protestant es- tates of the empire was signed here on July 29, and Aug. 15, 1552. Passau was long an important fortified post, being the key of the Danube in that part of its course. There were two strong citadels, one dating from 737, the other from 1215-1219. The town grew up around an old Roman camp, and in 739 was made the seat of a bishopric founded by St. Boniface. The town came into the hands of Bavaria in 1803. It has impor- tant manufactures of leather, porcelain, and parquet floors, besides boats, metal ware, and mirrors, and considerable trade in salt, timber, corn, and Passau tiles. Pop. about 12,000. PASSCHENDAELE, a small village in northern Belgium, near Ypres, around which centered some of the most impor- tant military operations on the western front, during the World War. The village gives its name to a ridge, on whose slopes it stands, which was of great strategic value and the object of severe fighting, especially during the fall of 1917. Beginning on Oct. 4, 1917, Field Mar- shal Haig, in command of the British forces based on Ypres, delivered a strong attack on the German lines, east of the city. The ground covered by the British assault was from the N. of Langemarck, on the Ypres-Staden railway, to a point S. of Tower Hamlets, a height S. of the Ypres-Menin high road. On the north wing the British pushed on to within a short distance of Poelcap- pelle, and gained a footing on Gravens- tafel Ridge, projecting from Passchen- daele Ridge on the W., along which the Germans had constructed a very elabo- rate system of works. This advance into the enemy country had been preceded by a heavy artillery fire, which forestalled an attack which had been in preparation by the Germans that morning. Three whole German divisions were here ad- vancing against the British, when they were caught in the barrage, and almost annihilated. By the dashing advance which fol- lowed, the British were able to penetrate the German lines to a depth of 2,500 yards. To the S. the British were thus able to overlook parts of the main Pas- schendaele Ridge, and in places they had descended into the valley beyond. For several days the fighting raged furiously back and forth, the Germans defending their positions with a keen sense of their importance. The French troops, advanc- ing on the left of the British line, N. of Ypres, penetrated the German lines to a depth of over a mile, along a front of n^arlv two miles. From the S. the Brit-
