PATERSON 140 PATMORE small beads an Ave Maria. Also a rosary. In architecture, a kind of orna- ment in the shape of beads. In angling, a name given to a line to which hooks are attached at certain intervals, and also leaden beads or shot to sink it. PATERSON, a city and the county- seat of Passaic co., N. J.; on the Passaic river, the Morris canal, and on the Erie, the New York, Susquehanna & Western, and the Delaware, Lackawanna & West- ern railroads; 17 miles N. W. of New York. The city is chiefly noted for its silk industries, on account of which it is called the "Lyons of America." It is built partly on the slopes of ranges of hills which surround it and partly on a broad plain. Business Interests. — Paterson is an important manufacturing center. Its silk mills are the largest in the United States, having an output of over $200,- 000,000 per annum and employing about 30,000 persons. Its other manufactures include aeroplane motors, electrical mo- tors, locomotives, -nd other machinery, linen thread, twine, yarns, and shirts. The city has three National banks, one savings institution, and five trust com- panies. The assessed valuation of the property is $131,000,000 and the net bonded debt about $5,833,000. P^iblic Interests. — The city has an area of 8^/^ square miles; 115 miles of paved streets and a sewer system covering 120 miles. The streets are lighted by elec- tricity and gas. The Police Department has a force of 175 men. The Fire De- partment is completely motorized. The annual cost of maintaining the city gov- ernment is about $4,150,000. The streets are well paved and broad. Among the local attractions are the Passaic Falls, the river dropping over a 70-foot preci- pice at this point. The principal public buildings are the city hall, court house, postofRce and the high school. History. — Paterson was founded in 1791 by a society formed by Alexander Hamilton. The society had a capital of $1,000,000 and Hamilton's idea in organ- izing it and founding the city was to en- courage American manufacture and make the United States industrially as well as politically independent of "Europe. The city was named in honor of William Paterson, Governor of New Jersey. In 1851 it was incorporated as a city. Pop. (1910) 125,600; (1920) 135,866. PATERSON, ROBERT, popularly knovim as "Old Mortality," an English stone cutter, born near Hawick, in 1712 or 1715, served his apprenticeship as a stone mason to an elder brother near Lochmaben. He married soon after 1740, and, renting a quarry for himself, took to carrying gravestones into Gallo- way. From about 1758 he neglected to return to his wife and five children, and for upward of 40 years devoted himself to the task of repairing or erecting head- stones to Covenanting martyrs. Pater- son died in Bankend, England, Jan. 29, 1801, and was buried at Caerlaverock, where a monument was erected to him by the Messrs. Black in 1869. PATERSON, WILLIAM, an English financier; born in Dumfriesshire, Scot- land, in 1658. He went through Eng- land as a peddler, settled for a time at Bristol, subsequently resided in the Ba- hama Islands. Returning to London he engaged in trade with success, and in 1694 proposed and founded the Bank of England, being one of its first directors. When the Treaty of Union between Eng- land and Scotland was concluded in 1707, Paterson, one of its warmest advocates, received an indemnity (of $90,000) for the losses he had sustained. Paterson was a great financial genius, but most of his views (such as his advocacy of free trade) were far in advance of his time. He died in London in 1719. PATHOLOGY, the branch of medical science which treats of disease. It in- vestigates its predisposing and existing cause, its charr.cteristic symptoms, and its progress from first to last. Human pathology occupies itself with the dis- eases of man, and comparative pathology, which makes comparison between the diseases of man and those of the inferior animals. Vegetable pathology treats of the diseases of plants. PATIALA, the name of a state and city of Punjab, India. The state has an area of 3,542 square miles, with a population of about 1,500,000. Included in this is timber land and fertile region, producing grain, barley, maize and wheat. There are also industries of iron and brass ware. The city and capi- tal has a population of about 50,000. PATMORE, COVENTRY KEARSEY DIGHTON, an English poet; born in 1823. He published his first volume of poems in 1844, became assistant librarian at the British Museum, and associated himself with the pre-Raphaelite move- ment. His reputation as a poet was established by the publication of the four parts of "The Angel in the House" (1854-1863), which he revised in succes- sive editions. Besides this he published "The Unknown Eros and other Odes," a poetical anthology called the "Children's Garland," a "Memoir of B. W. Proctor" (Barry Cornwall), and several contribu-
