REDEMPTORISTS 458 RED JACKET REDEMPTORISTS, members of the Congregation of the Most Holy Re- deemer, founded by St. Alphonsus Maria de Liguori (1696-1787), at Scala, in 1732. The members take the three sim- ple, but perpetual, vows, and a fourth, of perseverance in the Institute till death. Their principal object is the preaching of missions and retreats to all classes of Roman Catholics, giving pref- erence to the ignorant and neglected. Their dress is a black serge cossack, with cloth girdle and rosary beads. REDESDALE, the valley of the river Reed in Northumberland, England; ex- tending almost from the Scottish border in a S. E. direction for over 16 miles, till it opens up into the valley of the Tyne, the river joining the North Tyne at Reedsmcuf^ The river springs out of the Cheviot Hills, which lie athwart the head of the dale, and down its course from Carter Toll on the border lay one of the chief roads into England. Wat- ling Street itself traverses its middle and upper part. Near the S. end of Redes- dale is the famous field of Otterburn. Redesdale gave from 1877 the title of earl to John Thomas Freeman Mitford (1805-1886), who was son of the ex- speaker, John Mitford (died 1830), first Baron Redesdale. RED-EYE, or RTJDD, a fish belonging to the same genus as roach, chub, and minnow. It is common in lakes, slow rivers, and fens, in many parts of Europe and in England. REDFIELD, ISAAC FLETCHER, an American jurist; born in Wethersfield, Vt., April 10, 1804; was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1825 ; and practiced his profession in Windsor and Derby, Vt. In 1835, he was made judge of the Su- preme Court of Vermont, and in 1852 became chief-justice, retiring from the bench in 1860. He was Professor of Jui'isprudence at Dartmouth College in 1857-1861; removed to Boston in the lat- ter year; and in 1867-1869 was special counsel for the United States in Europe, conducting numerous important legal matters in England and France. He was the author of "A Practical Treatise on the Law of Railways" (1857) ; "A Practical Treatise on Civil Pleading and Practice, with Forms" (with William A. Herrick, 1868) ; "The Law of Carriers and Bailments" (1869) ; etc. He died in Charlestown, Mass., March 23, 1876. REDFIELD, WILLIAM C, an Amer- ican statesman and manufacturer. Born in 1858, as a boy he entered the J. H. Williams Co. mill in Brooklyn and twenty years later became president of the firm. A Democrat in politics, he served as com" missioner of public works under Seth Low in New York in 1902 and 1903, and in 1910 was elected to the House of Rep- resentatives. As a Democrat he was an opponent of high tariff and made several important speeches upon the subject. President Wilson appointed him Secre- tary of Commerce in 1913, a position which be resigned in 1919 because of ill health. RED FISH, a species of fish {Sebastes marinus) found on the Atlantic coast of North America, a large red fish caught in considerable numbers for food. A smaller species (S. viviparus) receives the same name, and is called also red perch, rose fish, etc. REDGRAVE, RICHARD, an English painter; born in London, April 30, 1804; in 1826 was admitted a student of the Academy, and was elected an A. R. A, in 1840, and R. A. in 1851. In 1857 was appointed Inspector-General of Art Schools, which office, with that of Sur- veyor of the Royal Pictures, he resigned in 1880, being then created a C. B. From 1825 to 1882 he contributed 145 pictures to the Academy, besides 40 sent elsewhere. He wrote, with his brother, "A Century of English Painters" (1866). He died Dec. 14, 1888. REDGrUM, strophulus; a popular dis- ease with an eruption of minute hard, sometimes slightly red, clustered or scat- tered pimples on the face, the neck, or even the whole body of young infants. Cause, derangement of the stomach or intestines through improper feeding or from dentition. RED GUM TREE, one of the Austra- lian Eucalypti (EucoAyptus resinifera), yielding a gum resin valued for medic- inal uses. REDISCOUNTING, a financial prac- tice little in use in this country, but quite common in European countries, where it is a large part of the general banking business. Instead of holding in their vaults notes or bills of exchange, where they are held as "dead" assets, the European banks employ them as_ cur- rency and they are passed on, until fin- ally they reach the central banking in- stitution of the country. In other words, local institutions are able to put to active use the capital represented by such instruments. RED JACKET, or, as he was termed by the Indians, Sa-go-ye-wat-ha, a chief of the Senecas, of the Wolf tribe; born near the present site of Buffalo in 1752. His original name was 0-te-ti-ani (Always Ready), his other name being
