REDLANDS 459 REDMOND conferred on him when he was elected to the dignity of a sachem, and means, "He koeps them awake." His name of Red Jacket was conferred on him for the embroidered scarlet coat which he con- stantly wore. He first became known through the part he took in the treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1784. A council had been called to negotiate between the United States and the Six Nations for the cession of lands, and on the occasion he spoke eloquently against the proposed treaty, but without avail. In all his dealings with the whites in regard to land, Red Jacket was a strenuous de- fender of the rights of the Indians. His paganism never yielded to the influences of Christianity and he proved an in- veterate enemy of the missionaries. Un- der his leadership the Senecas joined the Americans in the War of 1812 and in the battle of Chippewa behaved well as soldiers. In 1792 Washington, on the occasion of a treaty of peace having been signed between the United States and the Six Nations, gave Red Jacket a solid silver medal. On account of his intemperance he was deposed as chief of the tribe. He died Jan. 20, 1830. Red Jacket was on the warpath during both conflicts between the United States and Great Britain. He had great sagac- ity as a statesman, but lacked firmness of nerve. BEDLANDS, a city of California, in San Bernardino co. It is on the Santa Fe and the Southern Pacific railroads. Its beautiful situation makes it a popu- lar health resort. It is the seat of the University of Redlands, and has a pub- lic library and many parks. It is the center of one of the greatest orange producing regions in the world. Its other industries include the manufacture of brick and lumber products. Pop. (1910) 10,449; (1920) 9,571. BED MEN, IMPROVED ORDER OF, a social, fraternal, and benevolent secret organization founded on the customs and traditions of the aborigines of the Amer- ican continent, and the oldest benevolent society in the United States of distinc- tively American origin and growth. The first authenticated Red Man's Society was organized in Philadelphia, Pa., early in 1772. On March 12, 1834, the "Red Men's Society, Tribe of Maryland," was organized in Baltimore, Md., shortly after (May 20, 1835) forming the Great Council of Maryland, and adopting the present name of the order. The order is composed of subordinate bodies called tribes, officered by a sachem, senior saga- more, junior sagamore, prophet, chief of records, keeper of wampum, and minor «ub-chiefs. In each Stat€ possessing necessary membership a Great Council is constituted, composed of representatives from the various tribes under its juris- diction, and officered by similar chiefs to the subordinate tribes, with the prefixed title of great. The Great Council of the United States is the supreme legislative body, and is composed of representatives from each Great Council. There is also a Degree of Pocahontas, to which women relatives of the members may belong. There are now about half a million mem- bers of the Order of Red Men, including some 50,000 women in the Pocahontas Degree. Over a million dollars is dis- bursed annually in benefits. REDMOND, JOHN E., an Irish states- man and leader of the Irish Nationalist party in the House of Commons. Born in 1851, and educated at Trinity College, Dublin, he was early elected to Parlia- ment, and after the passing of Parnell JOHN E. REDMOND became in 1900 the leader of the Irish party in Parliament. He believed it pos- sible to obtain Home Rule for Ireland by propaganda in England and by wise Parliamentary leadership. For a time in 1913 his efforts seemed likely to be crowned by success when, after great difficulties, the Home Rule bill became a law. The World War, which broke out in 1914, caused Parliament to sus- pend the operation of the act until after the peace. In the interval came the Sinn
