SAN JOSE 237 SAN JUAN DE PORTO RICO 50 miles; in winter and spring steamers ascend nearly 200 miles further. Its chief tributaries are the Fresno, Mari- posa, Merced, Tuolumne, Stanislaus, and Calaveras. The San Joaquin valley is world famed for its fertility. SAN JOSE, a city and county-seat of Santa Clara co., Cal. ; on the Guadalupe and Coyote rivers, and on the Southern Pacific railroad; 51 miles S. of San Fran- cisco. It contains the State Normal School, the University of the Pacific (M. E.), the College of Notre Dame, the State Asylum for the Chronic Insane, United States Government building, Piatt Home for Old Ladies, public li- brary, Hall of Justice, Hall of Records, parks, hospitals, and court house. The city has electric street railroads, electric lights, National and State banks, and daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. Its manufacturing interest is large, in- cluding a woolen mill, silk factories, lum- ber mills, tanneries, iron foundries, ma- chine shops, and canning establishments. It is the center of an important fruit growing region. The city was established in 1782 by Spaniards, and was the capi- tal of California under its first consti- tution. Pop. (1910) 28,946; (1920) 39,642. SAN JOSE, capital of the republic of Costa Rica, Central America. It stands on a table-land 4,500 feet above the sea- level. The streets are broad, and there are few public buildings worthy of note. It is the center of the trade of the state. The climate is healthy, and the town is surrounded with coffee plantations. Pop. about 38,000; with suburbs, 52,000. SAN JOSE SCALE, in entomology the Aspidiotus perniciosus, a minute tree louse, that is particularly destructive to orchards. It is no larger than a fly speck, and is often mistaken for such when appearing on fruit, but when ex- amined with a microscope it is a most formidable six-legged insect. Though named from an American city, the San Jose scale is a native of Mexico. It has found its way into the United States and many parts of Europe, having been carried from country to country in ship- ment of fruit. It drains the juices from the trees, destroying the bark by sapping its life away. SAN JUAN, a province of the Argen- tine Republic in the W. part; separated from Chile on the W. by the Andes mountains. It is partly mountainous and partly covered by waterless, fre- quently sandy, plains. Besides the main chain of the Andes, the sub-Andean chain of the Sierra del Tontal, Sierra de la Huerta, 6,600 feet high, and others P— Cyc diversify the surface. In the extreme S. E. sandy plains occupy an area of 965 square miles, and here also lies the large lagoon of Guanacache. The prin- cipal rivers are the San Juan, the Jachal, and the Bermejo. The country is rich in minerals. Gold, silver, and copper are mined and there are local deposits in a few places. The mineral springs, chiefly sulphurous, are used in the baths at Laja, at Pismanta, and at Florida, near San Juan. The dry climate is against the cultivation of the soil, excepting near the rivers, where artificial irrigation is used, and where maize, wheat, lucerne, fruits, and grapes are grown. Agricul- ture is a chief industry. The wine of this province is excellent. Area 37,865 square miles. Pop. (1918) 127,713. SAN JUAN, the chief pueblo of the Tewa division of the Tanoan Indians of North America; 26 miles N. W. of Santa Fe. These Indians occupy other pueblos in the Rio Grande valley, New Mexico, and have one in Arizona. SAN JUAN, a river in Bolivia; a tributary of the Pilaya and a sub-tribu- tary of the Pilcomayo. It is nearly 300 miles long. Another river in this coun- try, in the province of Chiquitos, and an affluent of the Aguapehi, has the same name; length, about 200 miles. SAN JUAN, a river in the Argentine Republic, in the province of San Juan, whose source is in the Andes; flows into the lagoon of Guanacache; length, about 250 miles. SAN JUAN, the island now known as Porto Rico; named San Juan by Colum- bus and was so called till the 18th cen- tury. It was also known as San Juan de Porto Rico, from the name of its capital. SAN JUAN, or SAN JUAN DE LA FRONTERA, a city of the Argentine Republic; capital of the province of San Juan; on the San Juan river; 92 miles N. of Mendoza. Pop. about 15,000. SAN JUAN DEL NORTE, or Grey- town. Nicaraguan seaport. Pop. about 2,500. SAN JUAN DE PORTO RICO, the most important city and capital of the island of Porto Rico. It is a valuable seaport and is provided with strong forti- fications. The city proper is on a small island, off the province of Bayamon, and adjacent to the N. coast. Its climate is healthful, and it is one of the most pros- perous cities in the West Indies. The superior courts of the island meet in San Juan, and among the important buildings are, the bishop's palace, the Vol 8
