SCHEVENINGEN 277 SCHILLER Power" (1916); and "The Nation at War" (1918). SCHEVENINGEN (ska'veningen), a watering-place of Holland, on the W. coast, 1 mile N. W. of The Hague, with which it is connected by two roads; one, the "Oude Weg" ("Old Road") of the 17th century, bordered by fine trees. Both this and the New Road are traversed by tramways. The town is visited during the season by over 20,000 persons; its beach is one of the finest on the North Sea. In 1570 the W. part of the town was engulfed by an inundation. A naval battle, between the Dutch, under Van Tromp (who was killed in the engage- ment), and the allied fleets of France and England, was fought off Schevenin- gen in 1653. Pop. about 22,000. SCHIAPARELLI (ske-a-pa-rel'le), GIOVANNI VIRGINIO, an Italian astronomer; born in Savigliano, Italy, March 14, 1835; educated at the Univer- sity of "Turin and the observatories of Berlin and Pulkowa. In 1860 he became astronomer at the Milan observatory, and in 1862 its director. He discovered the planet Hesperia in 1861. He was one of the first to discover the connection be- tween comets and meteor streams, and is the discoverer of the double canals bear- ing his name on Mars. Among his works are: "The Relation Between Comets and Falling Stars" (1871) ; "The Precursors of Copernicus in Antiquity" (1873) ; "Observations on the Movement of Rotation and the Topography of the Planet Mars" (1878-1899). He died July 4, 1910. SCHIEDAM (ske-dam'), a town of South Holland, Netherlands, on the Schie river. Along the site of the walls stand corn and malt mills. The chief edifices and institutions are the town hall, the exchange (the finest building in the town), the Doelen, or gathering place, the Musis Sacrum, a concert hall, the churches, Latin, drawing, commercial, and other schools, a public library, numer- ous hospitals and other benevolent insti- tutions. The industries include the manu- facture of white lead and litharge, linen weaving, flax spinning, copper and iron castings. It is noted for its production of gin and other liquors. Schiedam has a considerable commerce in grain and coals. Pop. (1918) 38,191. SCHIFF, JACOB HENRY, an Ameri- can financier and philanthropist, born at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany, in 1847. He was educated in the schools of Frank- fort-on-the-Main, and in 1865 he moved to the United States, where, after hav- ing achieved success in the banking busi- ness, he organized the firm of Kuhn. Loeb & Co., which became one of the most important financial institutions in the United States and financed many im- portant enterprises, especially the con- struction of railroads. Mr. Schiff later became a director of many large financial and industrial companies. His work as a philanthropist was done chiefly in con- nection with Jewish organizations, but JACOB H. SCHIFF he also gave liberally to other causes. He was vice-president and trustee of the Baron de Hirsch Fund, a director of the New York Foundation, of the National Employment'Exchange, and a vice-presi- dent of the New York Chamber of Com- merce. He was the founder of the Jewish Theological Seminary in New Yorkj and of the Semitic Museum at Harvard. He also contributed $100,000 for a Technical College at Hafia, Palestine. He was ac- tively concerned with the improvement of civic conditions in New York, and was a leading member of the "Committee of 70," which secured the overthrow of the Tweed Ring. He did much toward the development of Jewish enterprises in Palestine and other countries. He died in 1920. SCHILLER, JOHANN CHRISTOPH FRIEDRICH VON, a German poet; born in Marbach, Wurttemberg, Nov. 10, 1759. After having studied medicine and
