SHENANDOAH 386 SHEOL SHENANDOAH, THE, a ship in the Confederate service during the American Civil War. It was built at Glasgow in 1863 for the China trade, and in 1864 was purchased by the Confederates. Her war record included the capture of 38 Federal vessels. Lieut. J. I. Waddell was in command from 1864 to 1865, while the Shenandoah was a privateer. On Oct. 19, 1864, the vessel was commissioned and ordered on a Pacific cruise. Before reach- ing Melbourne she made nine captures. From Australia she sailed N., and in the whaling regions did much destruction among the New England whaling fleets. This career was continued for several months after Lee's surrender, and in- cluded the last hostile acts of the Civil War. When Commander Waddell learned of the close of the war, he sailed to Liver- pool and surrendered to the British Gov- ernment. The commander and crew were liberated and the ship was handed over to the United States consul. The Shenan- doah was the only vessel that carried the Confederate flag around the world. SHENANDOAH MOUNTAINS, a range of the Alleghenies forming the W. boundary of the Shenandoah valley in Virginia. SHENANDOAH VALLEY, a valley in Virginia; between the Blue Ridge on the E. and the Shenandoah Mountains on the W. It is noted for its beautiful scenery, hilly and broken, with interven- ing fertile slopes and extents of high roll- ing land. It has large forests of various kinds of trees, including oak, chestnut, and hickory. The entire valley is of great historic interest, having been the arena of thrilling events in the American Civil War, including "Stonewall" Jackson's campaign in 1862, and that conducted by Sheridan in 1864. SHENANGO, a river in the N. W. part of Pennsylvania, joining the Maho- ning near New Castle, the two rivers forming the Beaver. It is about 90 miles long. SHENG-KING, or LIAO TUNG. See Shingking and Liao Tung. SHENG-LI, wild aborigines of Hainan (q. v.). They are intractable, given to feuds and, though armed only with spear and bow, have been a source of much trouble to the Chinese authorities. SHENOUTE (SlNUTHIUS), abbot of Atrepe (Suhag), near Akhmin, Egypt. He was the Coptic leader who, in the 4th century, organized a national church and led the forces which successfully warred on idolatry (see Copt, Coptic). Died a. d. 451. SHEN-SI, a province of China; bound- ed on the N. by Mongolia, on the E. by the Hwang-ho and Honan, on the S. by Hupeh and Sze-chuen, and on the W. by Kansuh; area, 75,270 square miles. The Tsing-ling mountains divide the province into two distinct regions, of which the northern is the more important. Shen-Si is chiefly an agricultural province, but contains very extensive coal fields, both anthracite and bituminous, and abundant deposits of iron ore. A British syndi- cate obtained a concession for working the Shen-si mines. In 1901 the famine in Shen-si was so severe that cannibalism was resorted to and it was estimated that 30 per cent of the population died. From Si-ngan-foo, the provincial capital, and anciently the capital of the empire, radiate a number of roads going E., S., and W., and Shen-si is thus the great channel of communication between China and Central Asia. Pop. 6,725,000. SHENSTONE, WILLIAM, an English poet; born at the Leasowes, near Hale- sowen, England, in November, 1714. His best-remembered poems are: "The School- W1LLIAM SHENSTONE mistress" (1742) ; "The Pastoral Ballad" (1755) ; and "Written in an Inn at Hen- ley." His "Works" and "Letters" were collected in three volumes (1764-1769) ; and his "Essays on Men and Manners" were republished in 1868. He died near Halesowen, Feb. 11, 1763. SHEOL, in Jewish belief, the place of the dead, from a Hebrew work meaning a cave. In the Authorized Version of the Bible it is translated by the words, hell, grave, or pit. In the Revised Version the word "sheol" is generally left un- translated in the text, while "grave" is put in the margin. For instance, in Ps.
