SHEPARD 387 SHERBROOKE ix. 17, "The wicked shall be turned into hell" (Authorized Version), becomes, "The wicked shall return to sheol" (Re- vised Version). See Hell. SHEPARD, FINLEY JOHNSON, an American railway official, born at Say- brook, Conn., in 1867. He was educated at Seabury Institute, in Saybrook, and engaged in the railroad business, becom- ing, in 1901, general superintendent of the Sante Fe Coast Lines, serving until 1905. He was a director of many rail- roads and in many important financial institutions. In 1913 he married Helen Miller Gould, daughter of Jay Gould. SHEPHERD KINGS, the chiefs of a nomadic tribe of Arabs, who established themselves in Lower Egypt some 2,000 years B. C. Manetho says they reigned 511 years, Eratosthenes says 470 years, Africanus, 284 years, Eusebius, 103 years. Some say they extended over five dynas- ties, some over three, some limits their sway to one; some give the name of only one monarch, some of four, and others of six. Bunsen places them 1639 B. c; Lepsius, 1842 B. c; others, 1900 or 2000 B. C. SHEPHERD, WILLIAM GUNN, an American writer and war correspondent, born in Springfield, Ohio, in 1878. He was educated in the high schools of St. Paul, and at the University of Michigan. He began newspaper work in 1898, in St. Paul. In 1908 he removed to New York, and acted as correspondent for newspapers in Mexico during the Madero revolution. In 1912 he was in Europe as a correspondent. At the outbreak of the World War he represented news- papers in the United States and saw service in every capital and with every army of both sides of the conflict, except the Turks, Bulgars, and Rumanians. He wrote many articles on the war and the campaigns. He attended the Peace Conference, and wrote an account of its deliberations for several papers. He wrote "The Confessions of a War Cor- respondent" (1917); "The Scar That Tripled" (1918). SHEPHERD, WILLIAM R., an Am- erican educator, born at Charleston, S. C, in 1871. He graduated from Co- lumbia in 1893, and took post-graduate studies in Berlin and Madrid. He was professor of history at Columbia Uni- versity, and honorary professor of the University of Chile. He acted as delegate to the 1st Pan-American Scientific Con- gress, in 1908-9, and was secretary of the United States delegation at the 4th International Conference of American States, in 1910. He was a correspondent and a member of many Spanish-American societies. He wrote "Latin America"; "Central and South America"; "The His- panic Nations of the New World"; "The Story of New Amsterdam," and many articles on the history of colonization. SHEPHERD'S DOG, a popular name for many varieties of Canis familaris, used to tend and drive sheep. The Eng- lish shepherd's dog has a longish head, with a sharp muzzle, and good breadth over the forehead; his ears are slightly raised, and his coat is short and wooly; tail usually long and bushy; he is lesa faithful and sagacious than the collie. The drover's dog is larger and stronger, and has usually a strain of mastiff blood. SHEPHERD'S PURSE (Capsella bur- sa pastoris), a plant of the natural or- der Cruciferse. It is an annual weed, found in all temperate climates, having simple or cut leaves and small white flowers. SHEPPARD, MORRIS, a United States Senator from Texas, born in Wheatville, Texas, in 1875. He grad- uated from the University of Texas in 1895, and after studying law at Yale, was admitted to the bar and engaged in practice in Texas. In 1902 he was elected to the 57th Congress and was re-elected to the 58th and 62nd Congresses. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1913 for the unexpired term of Joseph W. Bailey. On the same day he was elected for the term of 1913 to 1919, and was re-elected in 1918. SHEPPEY, an island of England, in the county of Kent, at the mouth of the Thames, between the estuaries of the Medway and the Swale. It is 9 miles long and 5 broad, is rich and fertile, and contains the town of Sheerness. SHERBROOKE, ROBERT LOWE, VISCOUNT, an English statesman; born in Bingham, England, Dec. 4, 1811; was educated at Winchester and Oxford. Called to the bar in 1836, he went to Aus- tralia in 1842, practiced in Sydney; took a leading part in politics and became a member for Sydney. At home again in 1850, and returned in 1852 as a member of Parliament, he in 1853 took office under Lord Aberdeen, and in 1855 under Lord Palmerston. During 1859-1864 he was vice-president of the Education Board, and introduced the Revised Code of 1862, with its principle of "payment by re- sults." He opposed the Whig Reform Bill in 1866. In 1868 he aided the Liberal leaders in carrying the disestablishment of the Irish Church. He obtained in Mr. Gladstone's ministry the office of Chan- cellor of the Exchequer; exchanging it in 1873 for that of Home Secretary. In
