SHERE ALI KHAN 388 SHERIDAN education he opposed the once exclusive study of the classics. In 1880 he went to the Upper House as Viscount Sher- brooke. He wrote "Poems of a Life" (1884). He died in Warlingham, England, July 27, 1892. SHERE ALI KHAN, Ameer of Af- ghanistan; born in 1825; succeeded his father, Dost Mohammed, in 1863. During the earlier part of his reign he passed through many vicissitudes, but by 1868 he was fully established on the throne of Kabul. In 1869 he entered into friendly relations with the Indian Gov- ernment. In 1878 a Russian mission was received with honor at Kabul, and shortly afterward permission was refused for a British mission to cross the frontier. Thereupon the British invaded Afghanis- tan and took possession of the Khyber Pass and the Kuram Valley. Shere Ali fled from Kabul, accompanied by the members of the Russian mission. He died in Afghan Turkestan, Feb. 21, 1879. He was succeeded by his second son, Yakub, who, however, on account of the Cavag- nari massacre, was speedily deposed and deported to India, and was succeeded by his cousin, Abdurrahman, in 1880, who died Oct. 3, 1901. See Afghanistan. SHERIDAN, MOUNT, a mountain of Wyoming, situated in the Yellowstone National Park; is a summit of the Red Range of the Rocky mountains. It is 10,420 feet high, with a range of vision over an immense expanse and several hundred distinct mountain summits, at distances varying from 30 to 200 miles. A large part of it is formed of porphyry of a purplish-pink color; and was named for Gen. Philip H. Sheridan. SHERIDAN, a city of Wyoming, the county-seat of Sheridan co. It is on the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy railroad. It is the center of an important stock- raising and coal mining region. It has a State Hospital and a public library. Pop. (1910) 8,408; (1920) 9,175. SHERIDAN, PHILIP HENRY, an American military officer; born in Al- bany, N. Y., March 6, 1831; was grad- uated at the Military Academy at West Point in 1853. Entering the United States artillery, he served in Texas and Oregon till 1855, when he sailed for San Francisco in command of an escort to the expedition for surveying the proposed branch of the Pacific railway between San Francisco and the Columbia river. Afterward he commanded a body of troops among the Indian tribes till 1861, when he was promoted captain. On the break- ing out of the Civil War he was ap- pointed quartermaster of the army in ' Southwestern Missouri; in 1862 became chief quartermaster of the Western De- partment, and colonel of the 2d Michigan Volunteer Cavalry. He cut the railroads S. of Corinth; defeated two separate forces of cavalry at Baldwin and Gun- town in June, 1862, and fought at Boone- ville; was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers; took command of the 11th Division of the Army of Ohio; distin- guished himself at Perryville and at Stone river or Murfreesboro, Dec. 31 and Jan. 3, 1863, for which he was promoted major-general of volunteers. He was en- gaged at Chickamauga, Sept. 19 and 20, 1863, and in the operations around Chat- tanooga; was appointed, in April, 1864, to the command of the cavalry corps of the Army of th* Potomac; took part in -7? PHILIP HENRY SHERIDAN the battles of the Wilderness, Meadow Bridge, and Cold Harbor, in May; in June, led a cavalry expedition into the heart of the Confederate country and was given the command of the Army of the Shenandoah; defeated General Early in several engagements in the Shenandoah valley. On Oct. 19 occurred his famous ride from Winchester. Under orders from Grant he devastated the valley. He was appointed to the chief command of the cavalry, which branch of the Federal forces, under his able and energetic di- rection, acquired an efficiency and gained a reputation such as it had never borne before. Sheridan was promoted briga- dier-general, U. S. A., Sept. 20, 1864, and major-general, Nov. 8 of the same year. On Feb. 9, 1865, the thanks of Congress were tendered to him for "the gallantry, military skill, and courage displayed in the brilliant series of victories achieved by his army in the valley of the Shenan- doah, especially at Cedar Creek." After the capture of Staunton, he pressed on
