WAKEFIELD 268 WALCOTT stored in 1847. At the grammar school, chartered in 1591, and removed to new buildings on a different site in 1855, were educated Dr. Radcliffe, Archbishop Pot- ter, the Benedictine Cressy, and Bentley, the first two of whom were natives. The town hall, French Renaissance in style, was erected in 1880; and other buildings are the corn exchange; fine art institute, Clayton hospital, and lunatic asylum. Though not the great "clothing town" it was formerly, Wakefield still has considerable manufactures of woolens, worsteds, and hosiery, as also of agri- cultural implements, machinery, etc. The chief event in the history of Wakefield is the Yorkist defeat in the Wars of the Roses, on Dec. 31, 1460. Pop. about 55,000. WAKEFIELD, a town including sev- eral villages, in Middlesex co., Mass. It is on the Boston and Maine railroads. Its industries include rattan goods, knit goods, pianos, stoves, shoes, etc. It has a town hall, a public library, and a home for aged women. Pop. (1910) 11,404; (1920) 13,025. WAKEFIELD, EDWARD GIBBON, an English colonist; born in London, March 20, 1796; was in 1826 imprisoned for abducting a young lady and marry- ing her at Gretna Green. During his imprisonment he studied colonial ques- tions with zeal, and after his liberation assisted in the colonization of South Australia. He was private secretary to Lord Durham in Canada in 1838, but is best known for his services to New Zealand colonization as managing direc- tor of the New Zealand Association. He was one of the founders of the High Church colony of Canterbury, where he died May 16, 1862. WAKEFIELD, GILBERT, an English clergyman; born in Nottingham, Eng- land, Feb. 22, 1756; was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, of which he became fellow. He took orders, but re- nounced the Anglican communion, labored as classical tutor in dissenting academies at Warrington and Hackney, lay two years in Dorchester jail for a so-called seditious libel in answer to Bishop Wat- son, for which his political friends con- soled him with a gift of $25,000. He published editions of Bion and Moschus, Vergil, Horace, and Lucretius; "Chris- tian Writers of the Three First Cen- turies on the Person of Christ" (1784), left unfinished; "Inquiry into the Ex- pediency and Propriety of Social Wor- ship" (1791), the necessity for which he denied; "An Examination of Paine's Age of Reason" (1794) ; and "Silva Critica," a collection intended to illustrate the Scriptures from the stores of profane learning (1789-1795). He died in Lon- don, Sept. 9, 1801. WAKE FOREST COLLEGE, an edu- cational institution in V/ake Forest, N. C; founded in 1834 under the auspices of the Baptist Church; reported at the close of 1919 : Professors and instructors, 30; students, 465; president, W. L. Poteat, LL. D. WALCHEREN, an island of Holland; province of Zeeland, at the mouth of the Scheldt. It is level, below high-water mark, very fertile, populous, and pros- perous. It contains the thriving towns of Flushing, Middelburg (capital), and Veere. On July 13, 1809, the British expedition under Lord Chatham (elder brother of Pitt) landed near Veere, and took it, Middelburg, and Flushing, but had to retire the December following, after losing 7,000 men by marsh fever. WALCOTT, CHARLES DOOLITTLE, an American scientist, born in New York Mills, N. Y., in 1850. He was educated in the public schools of Utica, N. Y., and received honorary degrees from a num- ber of American and foreign universi- ties. He early in life began to devote himself to geological research. In 1876 he became assistant in the New York State Survey. In 1879 he became assist- ant geologist of the United States Geo- logical Survey, making the Cambrian rocks and faunas of the United States his especial subjects of inquiry, the re- sults of which he presented before the International Geological Congress, at London, in 1888. From 1889 to 1893 he was paleontologist in charge of inverte- brate paleontology; from 1893 to 1894 geologist in general charge of geology and paleontology; from 1894 to 1907 director of the United States Geological Survey. In 1892 he became honorary curator of the department of paleontol- ogy at the National Museum, and in 1907 secretary of the Smithsonian In- stitution, Washington, D. C. From 1902 to 1905 he was also secretary of the Carnegie Institution, Washington, being also a member of its Board of Trustees. From 1905 to 1907 he was director of the United States Reclamation Service, He was also at various times a member and an officer of the National Academy of Sciences, and of many other domestic and foreign scientific associations. Be- sides many reports and papers on geo- logical and paleontological subjects, he also wrote "The Trilobite"; "Paleontol- ogy of the Eureka District"; "The Cam- brian Faunas of North America"; "The
