WALD 269 WALDENSES Fauna of the Lower Cambrian or Olenellus Zone"; "Pre-Canibrian Fos- siliferous Formations"; "Correlation Papers"; "Cambrian Geology and Pale- ontology"; "Cambrian Brachiopoda"; "The Cambrian Faunas of China"; "The Cambrian and Its Problems in the Cor- dilleran Region"; "Pre-Cambrian Algon- kian Algal Flora"; "Discovery of Algon- kian Bacteria"; "Evidences of Primitive Life"; "Appendages of Trilobites." WALD, LILLIAN D., an American sociologist, born in Ohio, in 1867. She was educated in private schools, at the New York Hospital Training School for Nurses, and at the Woman's Medical College. In 1893 she founded, and since then has been the president and head worker of the Henry Street (New York City) Settlement. She was also the orig- inator, in 1902, of the work of the school nurses in New York City, this work rep- resenting the first municipalization of school nursing in the world. It was chiefly due to her efforts that, in 1908, the Federal Children's Bureau came into being. She was the delegate of the Federal Children's Bureau to the Inter- national Conference at Cannes, France, and the United States delegate to the Woman's International Conference at Zurich, in 1919. She was also a member and at times an officer of many chari- table societies and institutions, most of which were connected with work on be- half of children. She wrote besides many magazine articles, pamphlets, and re- ports, "The House on Henry Street" (1915). WALDECK, a former principality in th3 W, N. W. of Germany; comprises the former county of Waldeck, girt by the Prussian provinces of Westfalen and Hessen-Nassau, and that of Pyrmont lying apart between Lippe, Hanover, Braunschweig, and Westfalen; area, ^33 squai-e miles; pop. about 65,000. Waldeck is among the highest districts between the Rhine and Weser, the great- est elevations being the Hegelcopf (2,750 feet), near Stryck, the Ettelsberg (2,703), and Pon (2,519). The country, picturesquely diversified with vale and upland, plain and forest, is watered by the Weser, Eder, Werbe, Itter, Aar, Diemel and Twiste. At Niederwildung are chalybeate springs, and at Pyrmont are famous saline and iron springs. The chief crops are rye, oats, and potatoes. The woods cover 105,142 acres. The principal export is the mineral water of Wildung, which is sent as far as Japan and China. The princely house of Wal- deck dates from the 12th century and till the end of the 14th possessed Swalenberg Cyc 1 and Sternberg. George Victor (born 1831) negotiated a "Treaty of Accession" in 1867, by which he transmitted the administration to Prussia, himself re- taining merely nominal power. The treaty was renewed in 1888. Waldeck was proclaimed a republic in November 1918, still remaining, however, under the administration of Prussia. WALDECK-ROUSSEAU, PIERRE MARIE, a French statesman; born in Nantes, France, Dec. 2, 1846; he studied law and practiced in Rennes till 1879, when he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a Gambettist. He was Minis- ter of the Interior in the cabinet of 1881-1882, and again during the Ferry administration in 1883-1885. He con- tinued as deputy from Rennes till his election to the Senate in 1889. After the fall of the Dupuy ministry in 1899 he was appointed premier by President Loubet, and under many difficulties formed a new and greatly strengthened ministry. As a lawyer he was engaged as counsel for Count de Lesseps in the Panama case, and was a Dreyfus "re- visionist." He died Aug. 10, 1904. WALDEMAR I., called The Great. King of Denmark; born in 1131, suc- ceeded Eric V. in 1147. His reign was illustrated by expeditions against the pirates of the Baltic, and he compelled Magnus VI., King of Norway, to sign a humiliating treaty. He died in 1181. Waldemar II., called the Victorious, younger son of the preceding, succeeded his brother Canute VI., in 1202. _ He made many warlike expeditions into Sweden, Norway, and Germany, created a powerful navy, and revised the laws of his kingdom. He died in 1241. Wal- demar III., eldest son of the preceding, was regent from 1219 to 1231. Walde- mar IV., third son of Christopher II., was in Bavaria at the death of his father in 1333. In 1340-1344 he recovered part of his kingdom by force of arms, and obtained some further successes against Sweden in 1353 and 1357; eventually, however, he was glad to obtain peace by making some sacrifices; he died in 1376. WALDENSES, a famous Christian community which originally grew out of an antisacerdotal movement originated by Peter Waldo, of Lyons, France, in the second half of the 12th century. A rich merchant, pious and unlearned, he caused the New Testament and a collec- tion of extracts from the Fathers to be translated into Romaunt, and, naturally failing to find the apostolic simplicity in the ecclesiastical condition of the time, sold his movable goods for the support 9 Vol. X
