WILHELMINA I. 367 WILKES-BARRE land, the inhabitants of which were still pagan. Such was the effect of his preaching that thousands were baptized, and that work of conversion begun which was to be completed by Boniface and Willibrod. Pope Agatho decided in his favor, but King Ecgfrid flung him into prison. He escaped to Sussex, was allowed to return by the new King Ald- frid in 686, keeping the sees of York and Ripon. But again he appealed to Rome against the measures of the new prim- ate, Berthwald (704), and was finally, after a council held near Ripon, allowed to keep Ripon and Hexham, but not York. He died in Oundle, in Northamptonshire, in 709, and was buried in Ripon. WILHELMINA I., Queen of the Netherlands; born in The Hague, Aug. 31, 1880; was the daughter of King William III., of the Netherlands, by his second wife, the Princess Emma Adelaide Wilhelmina Theresa. Her mother was a sister of the Duchess of Albany, being daughter of Prince George Victor of Waldeck-Pyrmont. Queen Wilhelmina succeeded to the throne on the decease of her father, in November, 1890, but her mother acted as Queen-Regent till the young queen came of age, Aug. 31, 1898, and amid the enthusiasm of her people, was installed as sovereign. On Feb. 7, 1901, she married Duke Henry of Meck- lenburg-Schwerin. A daughter Juliana, was born in April 30, 1909. WILHELMSHAVEN, the chief naval port of Germany; on the W. side of the entrance of the Bay or Gulf of Jahde; 45 miles N. W. of Bremen. The town, first projected in 1856, has been regu- larly laid out on a strip of ground bought by Prussia from Oldenburg in 1864, and was inaugurated by King William in June, 1869. It was until 1919 a fortress of the first rank, defended by outlying forts and an elaborate system of tor- pedoes, and, with its moles, extensive basins, dry docks, vast stores for the navy, and workshops for all the require- ments of a fleet, had been a very costly creation — the massive buildings being erected on soft and swampy ground, without .any natural advantage save its situation. Water has been obtained by means of artesian wells. A harbor for commercial purposes has been made to the S. of and connected with the naval one. During the World War it was one of the chief German naval stations, and was a main depot for the submarine fleet. Pop. about 35,000. WILKES, JOHN, an English political agitator; born in London, England, Oct. 17, 1727; was educated for some time at Leyden; was elected to Parliament as member for Aylesbury (1757), and at- tained considerable notoriety by the pub- lication of a paper entitled the "North Briton," in No. 45 of which (1763) he commented severely on the king's speech to Parliament. The home secretary in consequence issued a general warrant, on which Wilkes, with others, was ap- prehended and committed to the Tower, but released by Chief -Justice Pratt, who declared the prosecution illegal. On the next meeting of Parliament, however, a special law was passed to sanction his prosecution, and in 17G4 he was expelled from the House of Commons. As he had by this time withdrawn to France and did not appear to receive sentence, he was outlawed. He returned, however, to England at the election of 1768, and was sent to Parliament as representative of Middlesex, but was expelled from the House and committed to prison. Three times after this he was re-elected within a few months by the same constituency, but the House of Commons persisted in keeping him out, giving rise to a formid- able agitation in favor of "Wilkes and liberty." He was released from prison in 1770, having been elected alderman of London, and he was next appointed sheriff of Middlesex, lord-mayor of Lon- don, and again (1774) member of Parlia- ment for Middlesex. On this occasion he was allowed to take his seat, and in 1782 the resolutions respecting the disputed Middlesex election were expunged from the journals of the House of Commons. He published many speeches and pam- phlets, and two collections of his corre- spondence were published after his death, in London, Dec. 27, 1797. WILKES-BAERE, a city of Pennsyl- vania, the county-seat of Luzerne co. It is on the Susquehanna river, and on the Lehigh Valley, the Pennsylvania, the Lackawanna and Wyoming Valley, the Delaware and Hudson, and the Central of New Jersey railroads. Wilkes-Barre is the center of the largest anthracite coal center in the world. It has, in addi- tion, other important industries, includ- ing the largest axle and spring factory in the world; one of the largest wire and rope mills; and large locomotive and steel works. There are also 22 silk mills, a large lace mill, and manufactories of hosiery, shirts, mattresses, etc. There are 25 miles of paved streets and 52 miles of sewers. The parks have an area of over 300 acres, and there are over 200 churches of all denominations. The hos- pitals include four free hospitals, one private, and one contagious disease hos- pital. The city has excellent educational advantages. There are 25 public schools, 2 parochial schools, 3 business schools,
