TUCKER 27 which to them was abhorrent. For the sake of peace they were for a while si- lent, but the animosity broke out in the Apocalypse, which referred to St. Paul and his teachings when denouncing the Nicolaitanes. In 1844, in the "The- ological Yearbook" (the organ of the school) , and in a book on the Gospels, in 1847, Baur attempted to show that the fourth Gospel was not genuine. He main^- tained that it was written for the pur- pose of reconciling Judaistic and Paul- ine Christianity, and consequently be- longed to the 2d century. Among the al- lies and followers of Baur were Zeller, who edited the "Theological Yearbook"; Schwegler, "Post - Apostolic Age" ; RitschI, "Gospel of Marcion and Gospel of Luke"; Kostlin, "Doctrinal System of John"; Hilgenfeld, and Holsten. As Baur grew older he modified his views greatly, and his "Christianity of the First Three Centuries" (1853) is a more conservative work than his previous v/ritings. He asserts the pure morality of Christianity, while he denies its mir- acles. Since the death of Baur some of the Tubingen school have admitted the possibility of miracles as a necessary de- duction from Theism, and the judgment concerning the fourth Gospel has been modified, and in some respect reversed. The "Life of Jesus" of Strauss (1832) was the outcome of the teachings of the new Tubingen school. The object of the book is to show that the Gospel narrative concerning Jesus is a philosophic myth — the expression of an idea in the form of an imaginary biography. But in the "New Life of Jesus," he says, "I have, mainly in consequence of Baur's hints, allowed more room than before to the hy- pothesis of conscious and intentional fic- tion." According to Prof. H. Schmidt, of Breslau, the historical and critical studies of Baur, though they led him to unsound conclusions, prepared the way for the brilliant achievements in the de- partments of Church history and doc- trine of the present generation, and must ever be a starting point for the history of early Christianity. TUCKEB, GEORGE, an American ed- ucator; bom in Bermuda in 1775; was graduated at William and Mary College in 1797; studied law and practiced in Lynchburg. He was a member of Con- gress in 1819-1825. For 20 years he was Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Virginia (1825-1845). He wrote for many journals and periodicals; was the author of "Letters on the Con- spiracy of Slaves in Virginia" (1800); "Essays on Subjects of Taste," etc. (1822) ; "The Valley of the Shenandoah" (1824), a novel; "Principles of Rent, TXJCKERMAN" Wages and Profits" (1837); "Life of Thomas Jefferson" (1837) ; "History of the United States from their Coloniza- tion to 1841" (4 vols. 1856-1858); "Banks or No Banks" (1857) ; and "Es- says, Moral and Philosophical" (1860). He died in Sherwood, Albemarle co., Va., April 10, 1861. TUCKEB, JOHN RAN1X)LPH, an American naval officer; born in Alexan- dria, Va., Jan. 31, 1812; joined the navy in 1826 and was promoted lieutenant in 1837. During the Mexican War he was executive officer of the bomb brig "Etromboli," and took part in the capture of Tabasco and other operations. He was promoted commander in 1855, and was assigned to the command of the re- ceiving ship "Pennsylvania," stationed at Norfolk. He resigned from the United States navy in April, 1861, and became a commander in the navy of Virg:inia. In June of the same year he was placed in command of the steamer "Yorktown," which late.- was named the "Patrick Henry." With this vessel he took part in the various engagements in Hampton Roads, including the conflict between the "Monitor" and "Merrimac," on March 9, 1862. On the 13th following he was given command of the wooden squadron. He participated in the repulse of the Na- tional fleet at Drury's Bluff, and was soon after promoted captain and sent to Charleston, S. C, to command the naval forces as flag-officer. In February, 1865, after the surrender of Charleston, he or- ganized the naval brigade at Drury's Bluff and commanded it till the Confed- erate army retreated from Richmond. During the retreat he served in the corps of General Ewell. In 1866 he took command of the Peruvian navy with the rank of rear-admiral. During the war between Peru, Chile and Spain, he had command of the combined squadrons of the two republics. He afterward settled in Petersburg, Va., where he died Jrme 12, 1883. TUCKER, WILLIAM JEWETT, an American educator; born in Griswold, Conn., July 13, 1839; was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1861, and at An- dover Theological Seminary in 1866; was ordained in the Congregational Church and held several pastorates; was a pro- fessor in Andover Theological Seminary when he was called to the presidency of Dartmouth College in 1893. He retired in 1909. He wrote "Public Mindedness" (1910) ; "The Function of the Church in Modern Society" (1911), and other books. TUCKERMAN, EDWARD, an Ameri- can botanist; born in Boston, Mass.,
