ITGOLINO 65 UKRAINE settled here in 1877, and French Catho- lics followed in 1879. The Christians had much to endure from Mtesa's son, King Mwanga, by whose orders Bishop Hannington was murdered in 1885 on the borders of Uganda, and hundreds of Christians were burned. The presence of Arabs and Mohammedanism further complicated matters, and intestine strug- gles were not long in breaking out. Dr. Peters tried to extend German influence hither, but the Imperial British East Africa Company regarded Uganda as be- ing within the British sphere under the Anglo-German agreement of 1887, and that it was so settled between England and Germany in 1890. In 1892 a war broke out between sections of the people calling themselves respectively Protes- tants and Catholics. In 1896 Great Brit- ' ain bought out the rights of the Impe- rial British East Africa Company, and Uganda became a British protectorate under a resident commissioner. There are several railroads in the protectorate. In recent years there has been consider- able commercial and agricultural devel- opment. Cotton is grown extensively and is the chief product. Coffee, peanuts and hides are also exported. UGOLINO, COUNT OF PISA, an Italian leader, who deserted his party, the Ghibellines, and with the hope of usurping supreme power in Pisa formed an alliance with Giovanni Visconti, the head of the Guelphic party, who prom- ised to supply him secretly with soldiers from Sardinia. The plot was found out, and both were banished. Giovanni died, but the latter joined the Florentines, and forced the Pisans to restore his terri- tories. In 1284 Genoa made war against Pisa, and Count Ugolino treacherously deserted the Pisans, causing their total overthrow. At length a conspiracy was formed against him, and in 1288 he was cast with his two sons and two grand- sons into the tower of Gualandi, where they were all starved to death in 1289. Dante, in his "Inferno," has given the sad tale an undying interest. UHLAND. JOHANN LUDWIG, a German poet; born in Tubingen, Ger- many, April 26, 1787; studied at Tu- bingen University; practiced law in Stuttgart; was elected a member of the Wiirttemberg Assembly in 1819, and as a politician was ever an advocate of liberal opinions. He was Professor of German Literature at Tiibingen in 1829-1832, and latterly lived in studious retii'ement at Tiibingen. His European fame rests on his lyrics and ballads, though he also wrote dramas, etc. He died in Tubingen, Nov. 13, 1862. UHLICH, LEBERECHT. a German church reformer; born in Cothen, Ger- many, Feb. 27, 1799. He founded the in- dependent ecclesiastical organization styled "Free Parishes." Among his writ- ings are: "Christianity and Church" (2d ed. 1846) ; "The Little Book of the Kingdom of God" (1845); "Thrones in Heaven and on Earth" (1845). He died in Magdeburg, Germany, March 23, 1872. UIST, NORTH, an island of the Outer Hebrides, 17 miles long, and from 3 to 13 miles broad, separated from Harris by the Sound of Harris. The surface is chiefly flat, the coast greatly broken by inlets from the sea, and the principal in- dustry is fishing. UIST, SOUTH, separated from the foregoing by the island of Benbecula, is 22 miles in length and 7 miles in breadth. The surface is low-lying in the N., but the remainder is mountainous. UJIJI, a town in the African Congo. It is situated on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika, and is connected by a railway, of which it is one of the ter- mini, with Dar-es-Salaam on the coast, 743 miles distant. It was formerly noted as a center of the slave-trading that flourished in that region. Stanley dis- covered Livingstone near the town after he had made his great search for the ex- plorer ending in 1871. Pop. about 9,000. UKASE, an edict or order, legislative or administrative, of the Russian Gov- ernment under the Czars. It had tho force of law till annulled by subsequent decisions or orders. A collection of the ukases issued at various times, made by order of the Emperor Nicholas in 1827, and supplemented since, year by year, constituted the legal code of the Rus- sian empire. An edict or order, gener- ally, issued by some competent authority. UKRAINE, meaning literally "the frontier region," including a large part of southern Russia, eastern Galicia, northwestern Bukovina and northeastern Hungary. The portion included in south- ern Russia is also knovni as Little Russia. The people are quite distinct in character and in their speech from the Big Rus- sians of Moscow and Petrograd, this dif- ference being noticable even in their literature, of which the writings of the famous Gogol are the most representa- tive. The inhabitants of those parts of the Ukraine included fonnerly under Austria-Hungary are known as Ruthe- nians, of which many have emigrated to the United States. The Russian Ukraine declared its sep- aration from Russia in the fall of 1917, and in January, 1918, during the Ger-
