BAN
BALTAGI, among the Turks, porters, and hewers of wood, in the court of the grand fignior ; who alfo mount on horfeback, when the emperor rides out. Part of them alfo, who, for that purpofe, mail becaltrated, keep watch at the gates of the firfl and fecond courts of the feraglio. Thefe laft are called ca- pigi, and their commander capigi fafcha. Fafb. Jng. Lex. p. 64. a.
BALTHEUS Orients, Belt of Orion, in aftronomy, a part of the conftellation of Orion, conflfting of three bright ftars of the fecond magnitude, placed nearly in a right line in Orion's o-ir- dle. See Orion, Cyd.
B AMBELK, in zoology, a name given by many to a fmall frefh- water fifh, called by authors tbaxinus, and, vulgarly, the pink. Gefner, de Aquat. p. 844. See Phaxinus.
BAMBO, in matters of commerce, denotes an Eaft Indian mea- fure of" capacity, containing fiveEnglUh pints. Lex. Mercat P- 3»S.
Bambo, orBAMBOu, oi-Bamuu, is more frequently ufed for a large Indian cane, fometimes growing nine or ten yards high, and eight or nine inches in d iameter, and hollow through- out, except that, at each joint, it is clofed with a traverfe plate, to give it flrength and firmneis proportionable to fo great a height. Phil.Tranf. N° 212.
Bambo, in this fenfe, is a corrupt name given to this reed by the Portuguefe: botanlfts ufually denominate it, Ily; fome, anmdo Indtca arbarea cortice fpinofo : the natives call it nuayhas, i. e. the ague-tree, from its efre£t on thole who wafh in the waters wherein the leaves have fallen. Phil. Tratif, N J 145. It grows in Malabar, efpecially about Coromandel, near the fea fide. In the cavities of it is found a curdled juice, where- of the natives make a fort of fugar. Grew, Mui*. Reg. Socict. P. 2. §. 2. c. 2. p. 223, feq.
The large bamhous ferve to make poles, whereon the flaves carry that fort of chair, or rather litter, called the palanquin ; they alfo make citterns of them, wherein water will keep very cool. Saver. Diet. Comm. p. 229.
A decoction is made of the leaves, of ufe for difperllno- co- agulated blood ; and, of the pithy part in the middle, they alfo make a medicine againit the ftrangury. Vid. Lemery, Traits des Drogues, p. 1 1 1 , feq.
BANANA, a name ufed by many authors for the mufa, or plan- tain tree, of the common kind ; but more frequently, with us, underftood to mean another fpecies of the fame genus, which the Portuguefe call pacoeira, and we, particularly, the banana tree. Pifo, p. 7 5 .
The difference between the two is this ; the mufa has a o-reen flalk, and a long, crooked, angular fruit, rcfembling a crooked cucumber; die banana, a fpotted flalk, and a round fruit. Dale, Pharm. p. 273.
BAND, in matters of artillery, denotes a hoop of iron ufed about the carriage of a gun. Guillet, Gent. Diet. P. 1. in voc. Such are the nave bands, which are iron hoops binding the nave at both ends.
Banjos of a Saddle, denote two flat narrow pieces of iron, nailed on each fide the bows of the faddle, to retain thofe bows in the fituation which makes the form of a faddle.
To put a bow in the Baud, is to nail down the two ends of each band to each fide of the bow.
Belides the two great bands, the fore-bow has a fmall one, called th.cwitljrr-bi<nd,and die hinder-bow another to ftrengthen it. Gidllet, Gent* Die!:. P. 1. in voc.
Band, Bandum, is alfo ufed, in middle age writers, for a Rn& or banner. Vid. Du Conge, Glofl*. Gr. T. 1. p. 173. Aquin T. 1. p. 112.
Bands, in a military fenfe, formerly denoted bodies of foot. Thus the French, formerly, called all their infantry, Bandes Fran^oifes, or French bands ; but now the term is out of ufe Milk. Diet. Hence alio the terms, Pratorian bands, Trained bands, he.
Band of Penfwners, isftill retained, to denote a company of gen- tlemen, who receive a yearly allowance of 1 oc /. for attending the king on folemn occafions. Guillet, Gent. Diet. P. 1.
Bands of Columns, properly denote a kind of embolTments fur- rounding the {hafts of ruilic columns, at certain diftances, by way of decoration.
Thefe are fometimes plain, fometimes picked or vermiculated, and fometimes carved with decorations of low relievo, which are different in every different band. Vid Davtl. Courf. d'Ar-
chit. P. I. p. $C2. Id. P. 2. p. 409, feq. Columns enriched with thefe bands, are fometimes called banded columns. BANDAGE (CycL) — Bandages are a very neceffary part of the apparatus in drefling and binding up of wounds. They are not only of greater fervice than compreflcs and plaflers, in fecur- ing the other dreffings, but are alfo of excellent ufe in reftrainint dangerous hemorrhages, and in joining fractured, or diflocated bones.
Almoft all bandages, ufed in drefhfig of wounds, ulcers, or fractured or diflocated bones, fhould be made of clean linncn cloth, foftened by wearing, but ftrong.
They are to be made of a proper length and breadth for the occafion ; and, that they may be ftrong, examine the courfe of the threads, and tear the cloth lengthways. Darns, feams, and large hems in the cloth, are, as much as poffible, to be
B A N
avoided, that no inconvenience may be brought on by the roughnefs and irregularity ot the roller.
There are different fort? of bandages, for different ufes. Some are common ; others are proper. " Thefe laft are only to be ap- plied to particular parts ; the others may be applied to any. Bandages may be diffinguifhed alfo into fimple and compound; the fimple are thofe which are formed of one entire piece of Jin— nen ; the compound, of feveral pieces, fewed together in diffe- rent manners.
The moft fimple of all bandages, is that ufually not foiled up, but left loofe, and ufed in phlebotomy.
The next to this, is that called the fingle-headec l bandage, which is rolled up at one end only. Next to that, the double-beaded bandage, or that rolled up at both ends.
After thefe come thofe bandages, which are made out of one piece of linnen, but are divided at both ends, almoft as far as the middle; thefe are ufually called, by the furgeoiis, four- headed bandages.
Another fort is fomewhat fhorter, and narrower, than the laft defcribed, and is divided at one end, and • perforated at the other. It is ufually employed in dreffings to the penis, or to one of the fingers.
Another kind is, from its ufe, called the uniting bandage ; it is a double-headed bandage, divided about the middle, and ferves to unite wounds that are made lengthways, without calling for the future.
1 here is alfo another bandage, provided with an opening in the middle, through which the head may eafily pafs ; the ex- treme parts of the bandage hanging, one over the breaft, the other over the back. The chief ufe of this bandage confifts in this, that, in drefhng wounds of the thorax or abdomen, it is capable of fupporting another bandage, fomething wider, made of a cloth four or fix times doubled, and bound round the breaft or belly.
1 here remains ftill to be confidered, a compound bandage, made of two pieces of cloth, almoft in form of the letter T. The upper part of this is to be brought round the belly, and fattened by a knot ; but the lower part panes under the body, between the thighs, and, being brought up again, is fattened to the upper part upon the back. This bandage plainly appears to be defigned for the fecurity of fuch dreffings, as fhall be thought proper to be applied to the anus, or parts of generation. Some, from the inventor, call this Heliodorus's bandage. Others, from its fhape, denominate it the T bandage ; and, from the divi- fion that is frequentlv made in the lower part of it, it is fome j - times called the double T.
As to bandages for the head, notwithftanding that furgeons have formerly invented different kinds of them, for every wound that could be inflicted on that part, yet there is but one form that feems neceffary ; and this alone will anfwer all the ends that can be propofed from this kind of application. It is made in the following manner : Take a handkerchief, napkin, or any fquare piece of linnen ; double it up in a triangular form, and apply it as we frequently do in hot weather, when we lay afide the ufual coverings of the head, to avoid the ex- ceflive heat of the fun.
The bandage, which is fo much in ufe with the modern fur- geons, and is called by the French the grand cou'orechef, differs very little from this ? and is commonly made of a napkin, or fome piece of foft linnen, in a fquare form. It is doubled in fuch a manner, that the lower part is about four finders breadth wider than the upper. The middle part of this cloth is placed fo upon the head, that the fore-part may reach al- moft as far as the eyes ; the four extremities, or corners of it, hanging over the cheeks. The two corners of the upper, or narrower part, are to be tied under the chin, at the fame time that the two corners of the lower, or wider part, are to be brought under the back part of the head, and tied together, or fattened with a needle and thread. This kind of bandage, when it is neatly made, flicks clofe to the head, and is an ex- cellent contrivance to preferve it from the injuries it might re- ceive from cold air. The fore-part of it, that was extended toward the eyes, is, when the ends are fattened, to be turned back as far as the crown of the head ; and the two parts that hang over the neck, are to be turned back alfo, and fattened be- hind the ears with a needle and thread.
The different names of fimple bandages, which they affume ac* cording to the different windings that they form, in the man- ner ot applying them, are not to be forgotten. It -e. fimple bandage, with one head, furrounds an injured part, in one direct courfe, it is called annular, orbicular, or circular ;- on the contrary, if the windings of the bandage aicend, or de- fcend, efpecially if it be in a fpiral manner, they are called obiufe, or fpiral. This frequently happens in fractures, and other kinds of diforders, and is of eminent fervice. But When the limbs, that are to be bound in this manner, are of different thicknefl'es in the different parts of them, which is the cafe of the tibits, it requires a good deal of art to prevent the bandages from hanging loofe. The bandage, in this cafe, is to be ap- plied to the tar/us, and to be brought upwards, fo as to crofs the malleoli, rolling it round the tibia, in a fpiral manner. But when you are come up to the calves of the legs, each round of the roller mutt be turned in a patticular manner, and tighten- ed, according as the cafe requires.
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