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body of bark enough to keep up the heat. This trench is to be bricked up to the height above-mentioned, and in the ipring fhould be filled with frefh tanners bark, that is, fuch as the tanners have lately drawn out of their vats, after having tanned leather with it. This fhould be laid in a round heap for two or three days before it is put into the trench, that the moifture may run off. It is then to be put into the trench, and gently beat down with a dung-fork. It muft then be co- vered with a wooden frame and glaiTes, and in about ten days it will begin to beat, and is then fit to have the pots of plants and feeds plunged into it. Miller's Gardener's Diet. A bed of this kind will continue in a good temper for warmth, fix months; and when the heat declines, if it be ftirred up thoroughly from the bottom, with a fork, and a load or two of frefh bark added to it, will recover its heat, and keep it for two or three months longer.
The frames that cover thefe beds fhould be proportioned to the plants they are to contain ; if for the pine-apple, the back fhould be three foot high, and the lower part fifteen inches. If the bed be intended for taller plants, the frame muft be higher in proportion; but if meant only for fowing of feeds, it need not be more than fourteen inches high at the back, and about feven inches deep at the front.
Hot-HouJc, in the fait works, the place where they dry the fait after it is taken out of the boiling pan. In the Chefhire falt-works, this is fituated between the furnace, and the fun- nels of the chimney which convey up the fmoak. Along the floor of this room there run two funnels, nearly in an horizon- tal direction. From the furnace, after this courfe along the floor, they rife perpendicularly. In thefe the flame and fmoak
^ running along, heat the room by the way. Ray's Englifh "Words, p. tj6.
HOTAMB./EIA, in zoology, the name of a fpecics of ferpent found in the Eaft Indies, of a greyifli yellow colour, and very rank fmell.
HOTTONIA, in the Linnasan fyftem of botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The cup is a perianthium, compofed of one leaf, divided at the extre- mity into (trait, erect, and open fegments. The flower is a fingle petal, of the length of the cup, formed into a tube, and divided into five oval rimmed fegments. The ftamina are five tapering, fhort, erect filaments, placed oppofite to the fegments of the flower. The antheras are oblong. The germen of the piftillum is globofe and pointed. The ftyle is fhort and flender. The ftigma is globofe. The fruit is a rounded capfule, but pointed at one end, containing only one cell, and Handing on the cup. The feeds are numerous, and of a globofe figure. The receptacle is round and loofe. Lin- tttsi Genera Plantarum. p. 64.
HO TTS, or Huts, among cock-fighters, are the pounces, or round balls of ftufFed leather, which are tied on the fharp end of fighting- cocks fpurs, to keep tbem from hurting one ano- ther in fparring or breathing. Ruft. Dift. in voc. See the article Sparring.
HOUGHING, or Hoeing, in gardening, the cutting up with a fmall iron inftrument, called a Hough, all the weeds from among the plants of more value. This is done by digging up the furface of the earth about the beds, and has this double ad- vantage, that, befidedeftroyingthewceds, Ubreaksthehardened furface of the ground, and makes it much more fitted to im- bibe the night dews, which are extremely beneficial to plants. Miller's Gardener's Diet. See the article Hoeing.
KOUND (Cycl.)— Gny-HouND. See the article Grey- Hound.
Entrance o/"Hounds. See the article Entrance.
Hound-/"/)*, in ichthyology, an Englifh name given to two different fifh of the fqualus kind, the one called the fmootb, and the other the prickly Hound. The firft is the (pedes de- fcribed by Artedl under the name of the fqualus, with obtufe or granulous teeth. This is the galeus laevis and muftelus laevis of authors. The other is diftinguifhed by the name of the fqualus, with a rounded body, and with no anus fin. This is the galeus acanthias and muftelus fpinax of authors. We find in Willughby, and almoft all the other writers on fifties, the name of another fpecies of Houad-fjih befide thefe', call the ftarry Hound, or galeus afterias, and muftelus afterias, or ftellaris ; but this has been found by Artedi to be no other than a variety of the firft fpecies, or fmooth Hound-Rih, See the articles Squ alus, Galeus, and Mustelus. There is alfo another fifh of the fqualus kind, fometimes called by this name, with the addition of the epithet rough. This is the morgay, or rough Hound-Ufh. It 'is the pefce gotto of the Ita- lians, andthc catulus minor of authors ; and the muftelus ftella- ris tertius, or the third fpecics of ftarry Hoiwd-fiih of Bello- nius- Artedi diftinguifhes it from the others, and from all the other fquali, by the name of the fqualus, with a variegated back, and with the belly-fins concreted together. See the articles Squalus and Catulus.
Kound'j Tongue, Cynogloffitm, in botany, the name of a ge- nus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower confifts of one leaf, is funnel fhaped, and divided into feg- ments at the edges. From the cup of the flower there rifes a piftil, which is fixed in manner of a nail to the hinder part of the flower, and is furrounded by four capfules, which axe Sup pl. Vol, I.
HOW
rough in mod fpecies, and contain a flat feed, fixed to a era- midal quadrilateral placenta. . '
The fpecies of Hounds-tongue, enumeiatej W Mr Tourne- fort, are thefe: i. The common great Hounds-tongue. 2. 1 he great white- flowered Hounds-tongue. 3. The larked Dutch Hounds-tongue. 4. The large-flowered green-lea°v'd mountain Hounds-tongue. 5. The fmaller-flower'd green- lea v d mountain Hounds-tongue. 6. The hoary mountain Hounds-tongue, with globular flowers. 7. The Hounds- tongue, with umbilloated fruit. 8. The broad-leav'd cretic itink.ng Hounds-tongue. 9. The cretic Hounds-tonme, with a narrow (livery leaf. 10. The Spanifh gromwcl-leav'd Hounds-tongue.
The plants called by Cafpar Bauhine, and others, the middle and the teller Hounds-tongue, are to be excluded from this genus, being properly fpecies of bugiofs. Tourn.lntt. p IM. 1 he characters of Hounds- tong ue, according to Linnaeus, are thefe : The cup is an oblong acute perianthium, divided into hve fegments, and remaining when the flower is fallen. The flower confifts ofa fingle petal, of the length of the cup ; this has a .fhort cylindnc tube, and its end or edge is divided into hve fegments, and obtufe. The opening of the flower is co- vered with five fmall fcales, which are convex, prominent, and converging one toward the other. The ftamina are five very fhort filaments, placed in the mouth of the flower. The anthers; are roundifh and naked. The pifrillum has four ger- nnria. The ftyle is tapering, of the length of the ftamina, and remains when the flower is fallen. The ftigma is rimmed round the edge. The fruit is compofed of four capfules, of a flatted and roundifh form, more obtufe externally than within, and very rough, and not fplitting open. The feeds are fin*, or one in each capfule, and are fmooth, of an oval figure "but gibbofe and pointed. The efTential charafler of this°gen'us is, that there arc four capfules, each containing one feed, affixed to the ftyle. Linnxi Gen. Plant, p. 58. The common Hounds- tongue is eafily known by the whitifli colour, and foftnefs of its leaves, the beautiful purple of its flowers, and its difagreeable fmell. It is an excellent remedy in catarrhs, and will alone often cure a gonorrhoea (implex. J he root is the part in which its virtues principally refide. Externally it is ufed as a vulnerary, and is faid to cure even in fcrophulous cafes.
Hounds, in a (hip, arc holes in the cheeks at the top of the mafts, through which the ties run to hoife the yards A top- maft hath but one Hound.
H< n J ^' { CycL }~ HoUR Scale, a divided line on the edge of Collins's quadrant, being only of tangents of fbrty-five degrees each, fet together in the middle. Its ufe, together with the lines of latitudes, is to draw the Hoar-lines of dials that have centers, by means of an equilateral triangle, drawn on the dial planes.
HOUSE (Cycl.)— House of Lords. Towards the latter end of the reign of king Charles the firft, the Houfe of Lords af- ferted their jurifdidtion of hearing appeals from the chancery, which they do, upon a paper petition, without any writ di- rected from the king ; and for this their foundation is, that they are the great court of the king, and that therefore the chancery is derived out of it, and by confequence, that a petition will bring the caufe and the record before them. Tl his was much controverted by the commons, in the reign of Charles the fecond, but is now pretty well fubmitted to, becaufe it has been thought too much, that the chancellor (hould bind the whole property of the kingdom without ap- peal. New Abr. of Law, vol. 1. p. 584.
House of Commons. See the article Commons.
Hot-HousE. See the article Hot.
Grecn-HovSE. See the article Green.
HousE-Leeb. Seethe article Sedum.
House Painter. Seethe article Painter.
HOUSED-/;;, in (hip-building. Thefeamenfay of afhip, which, after the breadth of her bearing is brought in too narrow to her upper works, that (he is Houfed-in, or pinched in too much. (
HOUSSEE, in the manege. See the article Housing, Cycl.
HOUSTONIA, in the Linnaean fyftem of botany, the name of a plant called paronychia: ajfmis by Morifon and fome others. This makes alfo a diftinct genus of plants, the cha- racters of which are, that the calyx is an extremely fmall erefl perianthium, divided into four fegments, and remaining after the flower is fallen. The flower confifts of one petal, in the fhape of a funnel, with a long cylindric tube, and an open mouth, divided into four fegments, which are roundifh at their ends. The ftamina are four extremely fmall filaments, fituated in the neck of the flower. The anthers are fimple. The germen of the piftillum is roundifh, and flatted. The ftyle is fingle, and fhorter than the ftamina ; and the ftigma bifid and acute. The fruit is a roundifh double capfule, con- taining two cells, with two valves. The feeds are fingle j and the valves placed oppofite to the partition of the cells. Linntsi Gen. Plant, p. 26.
HOWLE, in (hip-building. When the foot-hooks of a (hip are fcarfed into the ground timbers, and bolted, and then the plank laid on them up to the orlop, the carpenters fay, they begin to make the (hip Howie.
13 P HOYCHU,
