HUM
HOYACHU, m botany, the name given by the Chlnefe to the acacia tree. They make great ufe of this tree in arts and me- dicine. They have a way of ftriking a fine yellow upon paper with its flowers. And they give the feeds in feveral dU- eafes, in fome of which, as in the dyfentery and haemorrhages, ■they are of great fervice. But, befide thefe, they make an odd medicine of them, which they take with great readinefs for purpofes it can never anfwer. They pick out the feeds carefully from the pods, as foon as ripe ; they put thefe into a flat veflel, and cover them with ox's gall ; this is to be fet for a hundred days to dry, in a place where the fun does not come. After this, one of thefe feeds is to be fwallowed every day before the firft meal ; and, by continuing this a proper time, they fay the eye-fight, if loft, is reftored, and their grey hairs become black. Obferv. fur les Coutumes de I'Afie. p. 240. \
HUBARI, in natural hiftory, the name of a bird very often mentioned in the Arabian authors. It is defcribed to be a bird fomewhat larger than a goofe, having very fhort wings in pro- portion to its bulk, fo that it cannot fly well, and therefore affording great fport to the Syrian hunters. It is faid to be common about Damafcus. By this place of its frequenting, and by the defcription, it appears to be the buftard, that bird being very plentifully found about Damafcus, and being hunted with fwiftdogson the fandy plains thereabout.
HUCK, in ichthyography, a name uftd by fome authors for the German river trout. It much refemblcs the common river trout in fhape, but is covered all over the back with innume- rable black fpots. The fides are red, and have alfo fome black ipots, tho' they are not very numerous, on them. The under jaw has alfo fome fpots ; but there are none on any other part of the head. The fins are red, and it differs from the common trout in having no teeth on the middle of its pa- late. It alfo grows to a much larger fize than our trout, and has none of the red fpots which are fo plentiful on that fifh. Aldrovand. de Pifc. L. 5* c. 14.
HUDSON VBay Porcupine. See Tab. of Quadrupeds, N°. 15. and the articles Hystrix and Porcupine.
HUGONIA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The perianthium is fmall, narrow, acute, and divided into five fegments. The flower is compofed of five large, round, and expanded petals. The ftamina arc ten fubulated filaments, fhorter than the flower. The anthene arc fimple. The germen of the piftil is round- ifli. The ftyles are five in number, and are very flender. The ffigmata are capitated. The fruit is a globofe berry, affixed upon the cup. The feed is fingle, ftriated, and hard. Linnai Gent. Plant, p. 203. Hort. Mai. vol. 2. p. 19.
HUTTING O Pollachius, in zoology, the fifh we commonly call ill Tnglifh, the whiting pollack. It is a fifh very like the common whiting in fhape, but much larger, and isfomething broader, and Iefs thick. The back is either Mack, or of a very deep and dufky green ; and its fides, below the lines that run longitudinally through them, are variegated with fhort lines of a dufky yellow. It is covered with extremely fmall fcales ; and the longitudinal lines, on the fides, rife into an arch un- der the firft back fin. The mouth is large, and the lower jaw projects a little beyond the upper. The teeth are fmall, and very numerous in both jaws. The eyes are large, and its back prominent or arched up. It is common in the northern feas, and is a good fifh for the table. Its food is other fmallcr fifh, and particularly the ammodyta; or ("and eels, numbers of which are ufually found in its itomach. It is di- ftinguifhed from the cod by its head, being fmaller, and its body broader and thinner ; by its having no beard ; and its loweft pair of fins is much fmallcr than in that fifh. Wil- lughby, Hift. Pifc. p. 167.
HULLOCK. of a Sail, at fea, is when, in a great ftorm, fome fmall part of a fail is cut and left loofe : It is chiefly ufed in the mizzcn-fail, to keep the Clip's head to the fea ; then all the reft of the fail is made up, except a little at the mizzen- yard-arm : Alfo- when a {hip will not weather coyle, to lay her head the other way, they loofe a Hullack of her fore-fails ; and then changing the helm to the weather fide, {he is made to fall off, and to lay her head where her ftern lay.
HUMATION, Humatio. The moft antient way of difpofing of the dead was by Humation, or interrment. Pitifc. See the articles Bury i kg and Burial.
HUMBLE-5^, in the hiftory of infects. See the article Bom- bylius,
33q/tard HuMELZ-Bee. See the article Faux Bourdon.
Mumble- Bee Flies, in natural hiftory, the name of a clafs of flies of different fizes, but all agreeing in the great rcfemblance they bear to the Humble bees, of the fmaller or middle-fized fpecies. Thefe might, at firft fight, very naturally pafs for real Humble bees ; but a defer examination will fhew them not to be fuch, as they have not the trunk of the Humble bee, and have only two wings. The fpecies of the Humble bee fly are many of them of abfolutely different genera one from another, fome of them having trunks, and others having a di- ftinguifbable mouth. Reaumur, Hift. Inf. vol. 4. p. 497. If the figure of thefe flies, in their winged ftate, attracts our curiofity and attention, their prior ftate, that of the fly worm of moft of them, ought furely much more to do fo. The glace nature has affigned the worms «f thefc flies for their ha-
HUM
bitation, Is indeed a moft flrange one ; there is no other place for them to live in under this form, to begin their deftin'd growth, and be fitted for their transformations, but in the in- tefrines of horfes, or under the thick and firm fkin of oxen. In the latter cafe, the worm hatched from the egg of its parent fly, depofited there, makes a tumour in the place, which alone furnifhes it with food and habitation, and in the middle of which it has a place to breathe. Ibid. p. 498. See the article Ho&sE-IPor-m.
It is not an invariable law of nature, however, that all the worms of the Humble-bee flies are to feed on animal fub- ffances, for we find fome delighted with vegetable food, and particularly one which loves none but the bulbous roots of
■ flowers. Ibid.
HUMERUS (Cycl.) — Humeri O^otw, in anatomy, a name given by Fallopius, and others, to a mufcle called by Cow- per, and fince by Albinus and others, teres minor, and by the French anatomifts, la petit ronde. Se the article Teres.
Humeri Os. See the article Os Humeri.
Hume rum attollens, in anatomy, a name given by Spigelius, and others, to a mufcle now generally known by the name of the ddtoides.
Humeri primus, in anatomy, a name given by fome anatomic cal writers, to a mufcle generally known under the name of the pecloralis. See the article Pectoralis.
Luxated Humerus. The Humerus, from the length and laxity of its ligaments, the Iargenefs of its motion, and the fhallownefs of its cavity in thefcapula, into which it is articu- lated, is rendered, of all the bones, the moft fubject and eafy to be luxated. The head of this bone may often be diflocated, under the arm-pit; fometimes forward, fome times backward, and even below the fcapula ; but feldom perpendicularly down- wards, and never directly upwards, unlefs the acromion and coracoide proceffes of the fcapula fhould chance to be frac- tured at the fame time ; befide, as long as the ftrong deltoids and bicipital mufcle of the Humerus remain entire, they greatly refift and keep down the Humerus from being luxated upwards. As foon as a luxation is difcovcred in the Humerus, the fafeft way to attempt the reduction of it, is to place the patient on the floor, or on a low ftoolj two ftrong ailiftants are then to be placed on each fide of him, one to keep firmly hold of his body, that it may not give way to the ex- tenfion, while the other lays hold of the luxated arm with Both his hands, a little above the cubitus, gradually and ftrongly extending it. But before that extenfion be made, the furgeon himfelf fhould have a large and ftrong napkin, of a fufficicnt length, tied at the ends, and hung about his neck,
- fo that the knot may hang behind, but the other part of the
napkin over his breaft. The patient's arm muff then be put through this napkin, up to the fhould lt, and the furgeon muft lay hold of the head of the Humerus with both his hands. This done, the affiftant, who has hold of the arm, is to ex- tend it fufficiently, and the furgeon is to elevate the head of the Humerus, by means of the napkin through which the arm is put, directing it with his hands, till it flips into its former cavity in the fcapula.
This feems the moft fare, ready, and commodious of all me- thods, for reducing luxations of the Humerus ; but it is to be acknowledged, that the extenfion cannot, by this means, be made fufficiently ftrong, in fome cafes, particularly when the patient is very robuft, or when the cafe has been delayed a corifiderable time without afliftance. When one or two af- fiftants therefore arc not fufiicient to make a proper extenfion, it is eafy to emplov more, by means of napkins tied about the limb, and a proper number of affiftants to hold the patient's body fteady againft that force. And when all this is not fuf- ficient, the furgeon is forced to have recourfe to machines with ropes and pullies ; which, though the patient is ufually terri- fied a little at them, yet make an eafier, and a more equal and regular extenfion, than can be done by the hands of ever fo many affiftants, Heifter, p, 160.
HUM1LIS Mufadus, (Cycl.) in anatomy, a name mentioned by Cafferius, as given by fome people uf his time to one of the mufcles of the eye, the rectus inferior of Fabricius, and deprt- mens of Riolan : It is the depreffor oculi of Albinus, being, one of the quatuor recti mufculi oculorum of that author.
HUMILIATI, a congregation of religious in the church of Rome, which was abolifhed by pope Pius the fifth, for their luxury and cruelty. Hofm. Lex. invoc. *
HUMISUGA, the Ground~Sucker 9 in natural hiftory, the name of a fly, fo called, becaufe it is fuppofed to live by fucking the juices of the earth, without taking in any folid food. It has a brownifb, or dun body ; a white fpot at the infertion of the wings, and another at the head ; the legs are black; th» back is grey, with four fullied white lines running longitudi- nally. The wings are filvcry, and, if put into water, they fhine with a bright light like that of the glow-worm. This creature is common with us about path-ways, and on mole- hills, and other places where the ground is newly turned up. We call it the path-fly.
HUMMING Bird? the name of a very beautiful genus of American birds, the fmalleft of all birds ; which makea/;»OT- ming like a bee as they fly. See Tab. of Birds, N°. 34. and the article UuMNumbi.
HUMOR
