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King's Council ; if there appear any Reafons for not executing 'em, notice thereof is given to the Pope by a Suppli- cation ; and the Bull, by this means, remains without Ef- fect : And the like Method of proceeding with the Court of Rome, is obferv'd by the reft of the Courts of Europe.
To fulminate Bulls, is to make the Publication thereof, by one of the three Commiffaries to whom they are direc- ted j whether he be Biftiop or Official. This Publication is fometimes oppos'd ; but when it is, the Fault is not charg'd on the Pope who iffu'd it, but an Appeal is brought to him againft the Perfon who is fuppos ct to make it : Thus the Fault is laid, where 'tis known not to be juft, to evade affronting the Pontiff".
The Bull in Cena Domini, is a Bull read every Year, on Maunday-Tburfday, in the Pope's Prefence ; containing various Excommunications and Execrations, againft Here- ticks, thofe who difobey the See, who difturb or oppofe the Exercife of Ecclefiaftical Jurifdiftion, iSc.
After the Death of a Pope, no Bulls are difpatch'd du- ring the Vacancy of the See : To prevent any Abufes there- fore, as foon as the Pope is dead, the Vice-Chancellor of the Roman Church takes the Seal of the Bulls ; and, in the Prefence of feveral Perfons, orders the Name of the deceas'd Pope to be eras'd ; and covers the other Side, on which are the Faces of St. Titer and 'Paul, with a Linen Cloth ; fealing it up with his own Seal, and giving it thus cover'd to the Chamberlain, to be preferv'd, fo as no Bulls may be feal'd with it in the mean time.
The Word Bull, is deriv'd from bullare, to feal Letters ; or from bulla, a Drop or Bubble : Others derive it from the Greek j3sm!, Council ; Pezron from the Celtic Bull, and but, Bubble.
Golden Bull, is an Ordonnance, ot Statute, made by the Emperor Charles IV. in 1355. faid to have been drawn up by that celebrated Lawyer Bartoli : This is the Funda- mental Law of the Empire. Till this time, the Form and Ceremony of the Election of an Emperor, were dubious and undetermin'd ; and the Number of Electors not fix'd. This folexnn Edict regulated the Functions, Rights, Pri- vileges, and Preeminences of the Electors. The Original, which is in Latin, on Vellom, is kept at Frankfort. On the Backiide are feveral Knots of black and yellow Silk 5 to which hangs a Seal of Gold.
'Tis call'd the Golden Bull, becaufe the Emperors of the Eaft ufed, antientiy, to feal their Edicts with a Golden Seal, call'd Bulla. This Ordonnance, containing 30 Arti- cles, was approv'd of by all the Princes of the Empire, and ■ remains ftill in force. The Election of the Emperor was to be in the Hands of feven Electors 5 three of 'em Eccle- fiafticks, via. the Archbifhops of Mentz, Treves, and Co- logne ; and four Seculars, viz,, the King of Bohemia, Prince 'Palatine, Duke of Saxony, and Marquis of Brandenburg. See Elector.
Golden Bulls were in ufe among the Eaftern Emperors for a considerable Time ; Leaden ones being confin'd to Matters of fmaller moment. Spelman mentions a Golden Bull, in a Treaty of Alliance between our Henry VI II. and Francis I. of France ; and there are other Inftances in 2)u Cauge and Altaferra.
BULLET, an Iron or Leaden Ball, or Shot, wherewith Fire-Arms are loaded. Bullets are of various Kinds, viz. Red Bullets, made hot in a Forge ; intended to fet Fire to Places where combuftible Matters are found. Hollow Bill- lets, or Shells, made Cylindrical, with an Aperture and a Fufee at one End, which giving Fire to the Infide, when in the Ground it burfts, and has the fame Effect: with a Mine. Chain Ballets, which confift of two Balls, join'd by a Chain three or four Foot apart. Branch Bullets, two Balls join'd by a Bar of Iron 5 or 6 Inches apart, Two-beaded Bullets, call'd alio Angels, two halves of a Bullet join'd by a Bar, or Chain : Thefe are chiefly us'd at Sea, for cutting of Cords, Cables, Sails, &c. Some detive the Word from the Latin Botellus, others from the Greek gzMetv, to throw. According to Merfenne, a Bullet "hot out of a great Gun, flies t/z Fathom in a Second of Time, which is equal to 5S9T Englijb Feet ; and, according to Huygens, would be 25 Years in patting from the Earth to the Sun : But accor- ding to fome very accutate Experiments of Mr. TJerbam, it flies, at its firft Difcharge, 510 Yards in five half Seconds 5 which is a Mile in a little above 1 7 half Seconds : Allowing therefore theSun's Diftance 860 5 1 3 ^Englifb Miles, a Bullet would be 32. Years and a half in its Paffage. See Sound.
BULLION, Gold and Silver in the Mafs or Billet. It is alfo the Place where Gold and Silver is brought to be try'd and exchang'd.
BULWARK, the fame, in the antient Fortification, with a Ba/lion in the Modern ; fee Bastion.
BUMICILLI, a Seft of Mahometans in Afrka. Thefe are faid to be great Sorcerers ; they fight againft the De- vils, as they fay 5 and frequently run about cover'd with Blood and Bruifes, in a terrible Fright : They fometimes counterfeit a Combat with 'em at noon Day 5 and, in the Prefence of Numbers of People, for the Space of two or three
Hours, with Darts, Javelins, Scimiters, ($e. laying defpev rately about them, till they fall down on the Ground op- prefs'd with Blows : After refting a Moment, they recover their Spirits and walk off*. What their Rule is, is not well known ; but they are faid to be an Order of Religious.
BUNT of a Sail, is the middle Part of it, which is purpofely form'd into a kind of Bag, or Cavity, that the Sail might teceive the more Wind: It is chiefly us'd in Top-fails 5 for Courfes are for the molt part cut fquare, or at leaft with a fmall Allowance, for Bunt or Compafs. They fay, the Bunt holds ranch Leeward Wind ; that is, the Bunt hangs too much to Leeward. The Bunt-lines are fmall Lines made faft to the Bottom of the Sails, in the middle Patt of the Bolt-Rope, to the Crenglc ; and fo are reeved thro a fmall Block, fcized to the Yard :' Their ufe is to trice up the Bunt of the Sail, for the better furling it up.
BUOY, at Sea, a piece of Wood or Cork, fometimes an empty Cafk well clos'd, fwimming on the Water, and faften'd by a Chain or Cord to a large Stone, piece of broken Cannon, Igc. thrown into the Sea, to mark the dangerous Places near a Coaft, as Rocks, Sholes, Wrecks of Veffels, Anchors, (gc. In lieu of thefe Buoys, are fome- times placed pieces of Wood, in form of Mails, in the.con- fpicuous Places. Sometimes large Trees are planted in a particular manner ; in number, two at the leaft, to be ta- ken in a right Line, the one hiding the other ; fo as the two may appear to the Eye no more than one.
Buoy is alfo a piece of Wood, or a Barrel, at Sea, faf- ten'd fo as to float directly over the Anchor ; that the Men who go in the Boat to weigh the Anchor, may cer- tainly know where it lies.
BURDEN, the Drone or Bafe in fome Mufical Inftru- ments, and the Pipe or Part that plays it 5 as in an Organ, a Bagpipe, g"c. See Drone. Hence the Burden of a Song, &c. is that Part repeated at the End of each Stanza. The Word comes from the French Bourdon, a Staff; or a Pipe made in form of a Staff, imitating the grofs mur- murs of Bees or Drones. This is what the Antients call'd, Proflambanomenos.
Burden of a Ship, is its Content, or the Number of Tonns it will carry. To determine the Burden of a Ship, multiply the Length of the Keel, taken within Board, by the Breadth of the Ship, within Board, taken from the Midfhip Beam from Plank to Plank, and the Product by the Depth of the Hold, taken from the Plank below the Keelfey, to the under Part of the upper Deck Plank ; and divide the laft Product by 94, and the Quotient is the Con- tent of the Tonnage requir'd. See Ship.
BURGAGE, is a Tenure proper to Cities, Boroughs, and Towns, whereby the Burghers, Citizens, or Townfmen, hold their Lands or Tenements of the King, or other Lords, for a certain yearly Rent. S-winbum fays, it is a kind of Soccage.
BURGESSES, the Inhabitants of a Borough, or wall'd Town : tho the Word is alfo apply'd to the Magiftrates of fuch Towns ; as the Bailiff and Burgeffes of Leominfter. The Word Burgeffes is now ordinarily us'd for the Re- prefentatives of fuch Borough-Towns in Parliament : Fi- lms vero Burgenfis, JEtatem habere tunc intelligitur cum diferte fciverit denarios numerare & pannos ulnare, &c. In other Countries, Burgefs and Citizen are confounded together, but with us they are diftinguiih'd. See Borough. BURG-GRAVE, a Judge or Governor in feveral Cities and Caftles of Germany : The Burg-gravate is perpetual. The Word is form'd from Burg, City, and Grave, Judge or Count.
BURGLARY, fignifies the robbing of an Houfe 5 but, in a legal Senfe, is a Felonious entering into another Man's Dwelling, wherein fome Perfon is, or into a Church in the Night time 5 to the end to commit fome Felony, or to kill fome Perfon, or to fteal fomething thence, or to do fome other felonious Aft, altho he executes it not. The fame Offence by Day, we call Houfe-breaking, &c. It Ihall not have Benefit of Clergy. BURGMOTE, a Court of a City or Borough ; fee Mote: BURLESQUE, a kind of Poetry, merry, jocular, and bordering on the Ridicule. The Word, and the Thing top, feem to be both Modern. F. tfavaffor maintains, in his Book Zfe ludicra DiRione, that it was abfolutely unknown to the Antients ; againft the Opinion of others, that one Raintovius, in the Time of Ptolomy Lagus, turn'd the fe- rious Subjects of Tragedy into Ridicule ; which, perhaps, is a better Plea for the Antiquity of Farce than Burlefque. The Italians feem to have the jufteft Claim to the Inven- tion of Burlefque. The firft in this kind was Bermca ; he was follow'd by Zalli, Caparali, &c. From Italy it pafs'd into France, and became there fo much the Mode, that in i«49 appear'd a Book under the Title of, The Pajfton of our Saviour in burlefque Verfe. Thence it came to Eng- land ; but the good Senfe of the Englifh never adopted or own'd it, notwithftanding one or two have eKcell'd in it.
Mm BURN,
