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EXHALATION, a Fume, or Steam, exhaling, or iffuing from a Body, and diffufing it felf in the At- mosphere. See Effluvia.
The Terms Exhalation and Vapour, are ordinarily ufed indifferently ; but the more accurate Writers diftinguifh them : Appropriating the Term Vapour to the moift Fumes rais'd from Water, sfnd other liquid Bodies j and Exhala- tion td the dry ones emitted from folid Bodies 5 as Earth, File, Minerals, Sulphurs, Salts, SSc. See Vapour.
In this Senfe, Exhalations are dry, fubtile Corpufcles, or Effluvia, loofen'd from hard terreftrial Bodies, either by the Heat of the Sun, or the Agitation of the Air, or fome other CauSe ; and emitted upwards to a certain Height ot the Atmofphere, where mixing with the Va- pours, they help to constitute Clouds, and return back again into Dews, Mills, Rains, &c. See Atmosphere, Cloud, Rain, !Sc.
Nitrous, and fulphureous Exhalations are the chief Matter of Thunder, Lightning, and divers other Meteors generated in the Air. See Thunder, Sc.
Sir Ifaac Newton takes true and permanent Air to be form'd from the Exhalations rais'd from the hardeft and molt compact Bodies. See Air.
EXHAUSTED Receiver, a Glafs, or other Veffel, applied on the Plate of the Air-Pump, and the Air ex- tracted out of the fame, by the working of the Engine. See Receiver, Air-Pumf, &c.
Things placed in an Exhaufled Receiver, are faid to be in Vacuo. See Vacuum.
EXHAUSTIONS, in Mathematicks. — The Method of Exhausiiions, is a Way of proving the Equality of two Magnitudes, by a ReduSio ad abfurdum ; Ihewing, that if one be fuppofed either greater or lefs than the other, there will arife a Contradiction. See Reduction.
The Method of Exhaufions, is of frequent Ufe in 'the antient Mathematicians, as Euclid, Archimedes, ike. See Method.
It is founded on what Euclid faith in his tenth Book, viz. That thofe Quantities whofe Difference is lefs than any affignable Quantity are equal : For if they were un- equal, be the Difference never fo fmall, yet it may be fo multiplied, as to become greater than either of (hem ; if not fo, than it is really nothing.
This he affumes in the Proof of <Prop. 1. of Book X. which imports, that if from the greater of two Quantities, you take more than its half, and from the Remainder more than its half, and fo continually, there will at length re- main a Quantity lefs then either of thofe propofed.
On this Foundation they demonstrate, that if a regular Polygon of infinite Sides be inferibed in, or circumfcribed about, a Circle, the Space, which is the Difference between the Circle and the Polygon, will, by Degrees, be quite ex- haufled, and the Circle equal to the Polygon. See Circle, Quadrature, Polygon, ££>g.
EXHEREDATION, or Exhjeredation, in the Civil Daw, with us ordinarily call'd 2)ijinheriting, is the Fa- ther's excluding his Son from inheriting his Eftate. See Disinheriting.
There are fourteen Caufes of Exheredation exprefs'd in Jnjlinian's Novel : Without fome one of which Caufes, he decrees the Exheredation null, and the Testament in- officious, Tejtamentum inofficiofum, as the Civilians call it. See TestamAnt.
Indeed, by the antient Roman Law, the Father might pronounce Exheridation without any Caufe ; but the Ri- gour of this Law was reftrain'd, and moderated by jfujtiman. See Heir.
EXHIBIT, in Law. When a Deed, Acquittance, or other Writing, is in a Chancery Suit exhibited to be proved by Witnefs ; and the Examiner writes on the Back, that it was fhew'd to fuch a one, at the fame Time of his Examina- tion : This is call'd an Exhibit. See Exhibition.
EXHIBITION, a producing, or /hewing of Titles, Authorities, and other Proofs of a Matter in Conteft.
The Parties have exhibited their Titles and Pretentions before the Arbitrators.
Antiently, they ufed the Phrafe Exhibition of a Tragedy, Comedy, or the like ; but now we fay Reprefeutation m Lieu thereof. See Representation.
EXHUMATION, the Aft of digging up a Body in- terr'd in holy Ground, by the Authority of the Judge. See Interment.
In France, the Exhumation of a dead Body is order'd upon Proof that he was kill'd in a Duel. — A Parfon has a Right to demand the Exhumation of the Body of one of his Parishioners, when interr'd out of the Parilb. with- out his Confent. See Burial.
The Word is compounded oi the Latin ex, out of and hunvtis, Ground.
EXIGENCE, or Exigency, that which a Thino re- quires, or which is fuitable thereto.
The Criminals were remitted back to the Judges to be punifh'd according to the Exigency of the Cafe.
EXIGENT, in Law,- a Writ that lies where the Defen- dant in a perfonal Action cannot be found, nor any Thine of his within the County, whereby to be attach'd, or dii^ train'd. See Writ, Attach, ge- lt is directed to the Sheriff, ordering him to proclaim and call the Party five County Days fucceffively, and charge him to appear under Pain of Out-lawry.
The fame Writ alfo lies in an Indictment of Felony, where the Party indicfed cannot be found.
It is call'd an Exigent, by Reafon it exigit, i. e. exaQs or requires the Party to appear, or be forthcoming, to anfwer the Law. If he appear not at the lad Days Pro- clamation, he is faid to be qitinquies exatlus, and then is out-law'd. See Out-lawry.
EXIGENTERS, are four Officers of the Court of Com- mon Pleas, who make all Exigents and Proclamations, in all Acf ions where the Procefs of the Out-lawry lies. See Exigent.
Antiently, the making of Writs of Snperfedeas upon fuch Exigents as were made in their Offices, did likewife be- long to them : But this Branch of Bufinefs was taken from them under King James I. and committed to a particular Officer in the Court of Common-Pleas, created by Patent. See Supersedeas.
EXILE, Itanifiment. See Banishment.
Among the Romans, the Word Exile, Exilimn, properly fignified an Interdiction, or Exclufion from Water and Fire ; the neceffary Confequence of which was, that the inter- dicted PerSon muff betake himfelf into fome other Coun- try, Since there was no living without Fire and Water.
Thus, Cicero ad Hereon, obferves, that the Form of the Sentence did not exprefs Exile, but only Aquie iS Ignis Interditlio. See Interdiction.
The fame Author remarks, that Exile was not properly a PuniShment, but a voluntarily flying, or avoiding the Puniifiment decreed : Exfilium non ejfe Supplicium fed perfugium, portujq; Supplicii. Pro Cxcinna.
He adds, that there was no Crime among the Romans, as among other Nations, punifh'd with Exile ; but Exile was a Recourfe People flew voluntarily too, to avoid Chains, Ignominy, Starving, £5?c.
The Athenians frequently &nt their Generals, and great Men into Exile, out of Envy of their Merits, or DiltruSe of their too great Authority. A perpetual Exile ic a. Civil Death, and imports Confifcation.
Exile, is fometimes alfo ufed for the relegating a Per- fon into a Place, whence he is obliged not to {fir without Leave. See Relegation.
The Word is derived from the Latin Exilium, or from Exul, a banifh'd Perfon ; and that, probably, from Extra- foltim, out of his Native Soil.
Figuratively, we ufe the Phrafe honourable Exile for an Office, or Employment, which obliges a Man to refidc in fome remote, or difagreeable Place. Under the Reign of "Tiberius, remote Employments were a Kind of myfte- rious Exiles. — A Bi/hopric, or even a Lord Lieutenancy, in Ireland, is fometimes deem'd a Kind of Exile. A Residence, or Embaffy, in fome barbarous Country, is a Sort of Exile.
EXINANITION, the fame as Evacuation. See Eva- cuation.
EXISTENCE, that whereby a Thing has an aflual Effence ; or thar whereby a Thing is faid to be, effe 5 See Essence and Esse.
This Notion of Exifcence, is applicable not only to a created, but an uncreated Substance. — But it muff be added, that the Exigence of created Subffances, and ef- pecially Corporeal ones, implies a Refpecf. to Place, Time, and even an Efficient Caule j whence the Schoolmen ge- nerally define it ; That whereby a Thing is formally and extrinjically -without, or beyond its Caufes, and this here, and no-w.
Exijlence, and Effence, come very near the Nature of each other : In Effect, they only differ in that we have different Manners of conceiving the fame Thing.
For, i°. Effence is ufually explain'd either by the firif, nobleft, and radical Attribute of the Thing, e. gr. That of Body, by Extension ; that of Mind, by thinking, Qc. or by the fpecifyino of all the intrinsic Attributes : And Exijlence, by the Specifying of all Place, and all Time, as in that of God ; or by the fpecifying of fome definite Place, and Time, together with the Caufes ; as in the Creatures.
j°. The Foundation, and Occasion of this Distinction, is this ; that Effence belongs to the Quell ion, What is it } Quid eji ? But Exigence to the Qucff ion, Is it ? An ejl ?
3°. Exijlence neceffarily prefuppofes Effence, and cannot be conceiv'd without it : But Effence may be conceiv'd without Exijlence ; in that Effence belongs equally to Things that are in 'Poteutia, and in Akin : But Exijlence,
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