D Y I
Many of the fame colours are dyed upon different fluff's with different materials ; as red-wood ufed in cloth, not in filks ; annotto in filks, not in cloth ; fo that they may be dyed at feveral prices. — 13'. Scowring, and wafhing of fluffs to be dyed, is to be done with appropriate materials ; as fometimes with ox-galls, fometimes with fullers earth, fometimes with foap : this latter being pernicious in fome cafes, where pot- afhes will flam or alter the colour. — 14 . Where great quan- tities of fluff's are to be dyed together, or where they are to be done with great fpeed, and where the pieces are very long, broad, thick, (3c. they are to be differently handled, both in refpect to the veficls and ingredients, — 15 . In fome colours and fluffs the tingent liquor muft be boiling ; in other cafes blood-warm, in fome it may be cold. — 16 . Some tingent li- quors are fitted for ufe by long keeping ; and in fome the virtue wears away by the fame. — 17°. Some colours, or fluffs, are beft dyed by reiterated dippings ever into the fame liquor at feveral intervals of time ; and fome by continuing longer, and others leiTer whiles therein. — 18". In fome cafes, the fnatter of the vefl'el wherein the liquors are heated, and the tinctures prepared, muft be • regarded ; as that the kettles be pewter for bowe-dye.— 19°. Little regard is had how much liquor is ufed in proportion to the dying drugs ; the liquor . being rather adjufted to the bulk of the fluff, as the vefiels are to the breadth of the fame ; the quantity of dying drugs being proportioned to the colour higher or lower, and to the fluffs both ; as likewife the falts are to the dying drugs. Concerning the weight which colours give to filks, for in them it is moft taken notice of, as being fold by weighty and being a commodity of great price ; it is obferved, that one pound of raw filk lofes four ounces by waffling out the gums, and natural fordes. — That the fame fcoured filk may be raifed to above thirty ounces from the remaining twelve, if it be dyed black, with certain materials. — That the rea'fon
■ why black colour may be dyed the heavieft is, that all pon- derous drugs may be dyed black, being all of colours lighter than it ; whereas, perhaps, there feem to be few or no ma- terials wherewith to encreafe the weight of filk, which will confift with fair light colours ; fuch as will having been ufed, as white arfenic to carnations. Of things ufeful in dying, efpecially black, nothing encreafes
1 weight fo much as galls ; by means whereof black filks re- cover the weight which they loft by wafhing out their gum :
! Nor is it counted extraordinary, that blacks (hould gain a- bout four or fix ounces in the dying upon each pound. — Next to galls, old fuftic encreafes the weight, about ft-g in 12.— Madder about one ounce.. — Weld half an ounce. — The blue fat, in deep blues of the fifth flail, adds no confiderable weight. — Neither do logwood, cochineel, or annotto: nor feven copperas of itfelf, where galls are not. — Slipp adds much to the weight, and gives a deeper black than coppe- ras, which affords a good excufe for the dyers that ufe it. —
. Petty'* Appar. to Hijl. of Dying, ap. Sprat. Lib. cit. p. 302,
■Dying, in a more extenfive fenfe, is applied to all kinds of colourings given to bodies of any fort. See Colour. In which fenfe, dying amounts to the fame with coloration ; and includes flaining, painting, gilding, marbling, printing, (3c. See Painting, Gilding, (3c. — The Chinefe are laid to practife the dying of tea with catechu, which gives the green-tea leaf the colour, and its infufion the tincture of bohea. — V. Short. Diff. on Tea, pref. p. 15. See alfo the ar- ticles Tea and Catechu.
The forts of dying, or coloration, now commonly ufed in vulgar trades, are, 1. Whitening of wax, and feveral forts of linen and cotton clothes, by the fun, air, and reciprocal cffufions of water. See Bleaching, Wax, (3c. — 2°. Staining of wood and leather by lime, fait, and liquors, as in ftaves, canes, marble leathers, marquetry, (3c. See Marquetry. — 3°. Marbling of paper, by diftempering the colours with ox-gall, and applying them upon a ftiff gummed liquor. See Paper. — 4°. Colouring, or rather difcolouring filks, tiffanies, (3c. by brimftone. — 5°. Colour-
. ing feveral iron and copper works into black with oil. — 6°. ■Giving leather a gold colour, or rather dying filver-leaves like gold, by varniflles; and in other cafes, by urine and
. fufphur. — 7 . Staining of marble and alabafter, with heat and coloured oils. See Marble, (3c. — 8°. Tinging filver into brafs with brimftone or urine.— 9°. Colouring the bar- rels and locks of guns blue and purple with the temper of fmall-coal heat. — 10°. Colouring glafs *, cryftals, and ear- then ware, with the rufts, and folutions of metals. See Pottery, (3c: — 11°. Colouring live hair, as in Poland,
. both horfe and man's hair; and alfo of furs t. — 12°. Ena- melling and annealing. See Enamelling. — 13 . Appli- cation of colours, as in the printing of books, and pictures,
. and the making of playing cards, japanning, (3c. See Printing, Cards, Japanning, (3c. — 14". Gilding, and tinning with mercury, block-tin, and fal armoniac. See Gilding andTiNNlNG. — 15°. Colouring metals, as topper with calamine into brafs, and with zink or fpelter into gold, or into filver with arfenic : and of iron into cop- per with Hungarian vitriol. See Calamin, Brass, ■ Zjnk, Arsenic, (3c— 16°. Making painters colours, by
d y 1
preparing of earth, chalk and flatcs, as in umber, oken cullens-earth, (3c. out of the calces of lead, as cerufs and minium; by fublimates of mercury and brimftone, as in vermilion ; by tinging of white earths varioufly, as 'in ver- deter, and fome of the lakes ; by concrete juices or faiculse as indigo, pinks, fap-green, and lakes; and by rufts, as in yerdegreafe, (3c. See Ceruss, Minium, Vermilion Indigo, (3c— i ? ». The applying of thefe colours by the adhefion ot ox-gall, as in the marbled paper aforefaid I • or by gum-water, as in limning; or by clammy drying oils, as the oils of hnfeed, nuts, fpike, turpentine, (3 C See Paint ing, Limning, (3c— 18: Watering of tabbies. See Watering, Calender, Tabby, (3c— V Petty Ap par. Hiji. of Dying, ap. Sprat. Hijl. Roy. Societ. p. 28?,
hi-
- Glafs dyed is the common matter of artificial jewels - the
tindures are given with zaft'er, manganefe, feretto crocus martis, (3c. The proceffes are ilefcribed at large i'n Anto- nio Nen, de Re Vitraria, Lib. I. c. lz, iq, 1/ faa — S,., alfo Glass, Gem, (3c. 4 JW — *
•b The Peruvian women, when grown old, dye their grey hair black by a very untoward operation ; miss, holding the head fome hours with the hair fopped in a boiling tincture of the root of a tree called cuchau, by the Spaniards maquet - — Thofe brooks and fprings mentioned by Strabo, Pliny and others, were much more commodious, which would cBanfc the colour of the hair as well as of the coats of animals with only drinking their waters °. For the ufe of anriin/ white hair is dyed green by boiling it in ale with alum th?rl Keeping it in a decoflion of copperas with wax and water —It is dyed yellow by boiling in alum and ale with walnut- tree leaves ltamped in it.— Brown, by (teeping in fait and aleP.— »V. Man, de Trev. Sept. 1707. p. 1606, fern. ° Arift Hijl. Anim. de Gene,: Lib. IV. and V. Probl. }. 9. Coming' de Haht. Germ. Corp. CtSttf. p. 1 z6. P Gent. Angl. p. 9, f,qq\ Dying of leather, skins, be—Blue is given by fteepin? the fubject a day in urine and indigo, then boiling it with alum • or it may be given by tempering the indigo with red wine* and wafhing the ikins therewith.— Red is given by wafhing the fkins, and laying them two hours in galls ; then wring- ing them out; dipping them in a liquor made with liguftrum alum and verdegreafe in water ; and laftly, in a dye made of brazil wood boiled with lye.-— Purple is given by wetting the fkins with a folution of roche alum in warm water, and when dry again, rubbing them with the hand with a decoc- tion of log-wood in water cold. — Green is given by fmeerino- the fkin with fap-green and alum-water, boiled : 'to darken the colour, a little more indigo may be added— Dari green is alfo given with fteel filings and fal armoniac fteeped m u- rine till foft, then fmeered over the /kin ; which is to be dried in the ftiade.— Sky-colour is given with indigo fteeped in boiling water, and the next morning warmed and fmeer- ed over the fkin.— Yellow, by fmeering the fkin over with, aloes and linfeed oil diflblved and (trained : or by infhfmo- it in weld.— Orange-colour is given by fmeering with fuftic ber- ries boiled in alum-water : or for a deep orange, with tur- meric— V. Salm. Polygr. Lib. III. c. 34. p. 272,/^.
Dying or Jiaining of wood, for inlaying, veneering, &c. Red
is done by boiling the wood in water and alum ; then taking it out, adding brazil to the liquor, and giving the wood ano- ther boil in A.— Black, by brufhing it over with log-wood boiled in vinegar, hot; then wafhing it over with a decoai- on of galls, and copperas, till it be of the hue required — Any other colour may be given by fqueezing out the moifture of horfe-dung through a fieve, mixing it with diflblved roche alum and gum arabic ; and to the whole adding green, blue or any other colour defigned : after Handing two or three days, pear-tree or other wood cut to the thicknefs of half a crown, is put into the liquor boiling hot, and fufrered to
remain till it be fufficiently coloured V. Park. Treat, of
Japann. c. 27. p. 82, j'eq. Dying of hone, horn or ivory — Black is performed by fteeping brafs in aqua fortis till it be turned green : with this the bone, (3c. is to be wafhed once, or twice ; then put in a de- coction of log-wood and water, warm Green is begun by- boiling the bone, (3c. in alum-water ; then with verdegreafe, fal armoniac and white wine vinegar; keeping it hot therein till fufficiently green.-risW * is begun by boiling it in alum- water, and finiihed by decoction in a liquor compounded of quick-lime fteeped in rain-water, ftrained, and to every pint an ounce of brazil wood added : the bone, (3c. to be boiled herein till fufficiently red \— Other methods are given by
Salmon b — And from him by Houghton c * V. Park. Lib.
cit. p. 83, feqq. 'Salm. Polygraph. 1. 3. c. 35. p. 275,' feqq. ' Hought. Colled. N° 138. T. I. p. 361. ' -' Jm
- The refufe of the bow-dye given hogs to feed on, is faid
to tinge their very bones red. This is a fpontaneous kind of dying, not unlike that in Virgil; who fpeaks of dying wool on the iheeps backs, by their feeding on properly coloured vegetables :
Nee varios difcet mentiri lana cobres : Ipfe fed in pratis ariei jam fua*ve rvhenti Murice, jam croceo mutabit <vellera luto : Sponte fua fandyx pafcentes <-jeJliet agnos.
Eel. 4. v. 42, feqq. The difficulty is to conceive how lambs Ihould feed on the
fandyx,
