ARIOSTO, portrait, Titian (?), National Gallery, London; wood, transferred to canvas, H. 2 ft. 8-1/2 in. × 2 ft. Half length, in a crimson and purple dress; an open but sensual face, the hair falling in masses on the neck, one hand playing with a rose, the other holding a pair of gloves. Answers the description given by Ridolfi in 1646 of a picture in the Renier collection, Venice. Might have been painted by Pellegrino da San Daniele or Dosso Dossi (C. & C.). Acquired by National Gallery in 1860.—C. & C., Titian, i. 197; Ridolfi, Maraviglie, i. 210; Campori, Raccolta di Cataloghi, 442.
ARISTARETE, painter, daughter and
pupil of Nearchus. Pliny (xxxv. 40, 43 [147])
says she was noted for her picture of Æsculapius.—Brunn,
ii. 300.
ARISTIÆUS, painter, Thebes, Theban
Attic school, father and master of Nicomachus,
lived probably in the first part of the
fourth century B. C.—Pliny xxxv. 36 [108];
Brunn, ii. 159.
ARISTIDES, Greek painter, of Thebes,
Theban Attic school, brother and pupil of
Nichomachus; pupil also of Euxenidas and
master of Euphranor; probably about 376-336
B. C. Though hard as a colourist, he
was an admirable draughtsman and master
of the most subtile shades of expression.
He rendered these with surpassing power
in his Captured City, in which a mother was
represented lying mortally wounded in a
street, with her infant vainly striving to
draw nourishment from her breast. Alexander
the Great carried off this picture from
Thebes to Pella. King Attalus of Pergamus
offered 400 talents for his Dionysius, which
Mummius carried from Corinth to Rome,
and dedicated in the Temple of Ceres, where
it was finally burned (31 B. C.). Mnason,
tyrant of Elatea, paid Aristides 1000 minæ
for his picture of a Persian battle, which
contained a hundred figures. Other pictures
by him are mentioned by Pliny (xxxv.
36).—Brunn, ii. 171.
ARISTOBULUS, second-rate painter, of
Syria.—Pliny, xxxv. 40 [146]; Brunn, ii. 286.
ARISTOCLEIDES, Greek painter, date
unknown. Decorated Temple of Apollo at
Delphi.—Pliny, xxxv. 40 [138]; R. R.,
Schorn, 225; Brunn, ii. 298.
ARISTODEMUS, painter, of Caria, about
200 B. C. Philostratus refers to him more
especially as a writer on painting (Prooem.
Icon. p. 3, Didot), but says he painted
after the manner of Eumelus.—Brunn, ii.
309.
ARISTOLAUS, Greek painter, son and
pupil of Pausias, about 308 B. C. Pliny says
(xxxv. 40 [137]) his style was severe, and
mentions among his works an Epaminondas,
a Pericles, a Medea, a Theseus, an emblematical
picture of the Athenian People, and
a Sacrifice of Oxen.—Brunn, ii. 154.
ARISTOMACHUS or ARISTOMENES,
painter, of Thasos. Vitruvius (iii. Prooem.
2) says through adverse circumstances he
did not obtain renown equal to his merit.
Among his works was a votive picture of
three women, dedicated by them in the
Temple of Aphrodite as a thank-offering
for wedded happiness. He is called also
Arimnes and Arimenes.—Varro de Ling.
Lat., ix. 6, 12; Brunn, ii. 301.
ARISTOMENES. See Aristomachus.
ARISTON, Greek painter, of Thebes, son
and pupil of Aristides. Only recorded work
is a Satyr crowned with vine leaves, holding
a goblet in his hand.—Pliny, xxxv. 36 [122];
Brunn, ii. 181.
ARISTONIDAS. See Mnasitimus.
ARISTOPHON, Greek painter, son of
Aglaophon of Thasos and brother of Polygnotus,
about 456 B. C. He was of the old
Attic school, which knew nothing of perspective,
foreshortening, or oppositions of
light and shade, and painted in broad, flat
tones, with only four colours, white, red,
yellow, and black. His works were distinguished
for their expressive qualities. He
painted Philoctetes (Plut. De And. Poet. 3),
and Ancæus wounded by the boar, subjects
which gave opportunity for the display of
his capacity for rendering what the Greeks
call pathos, an all-pervading emotion of pain,
