Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings - Volume I.djvu/284

Epochs, etc., 332; Burckhardt, 767; Dohme, 2iii.

CARAVAGGIO, POLIDORO DA, born at Caravaggio about 1490 (?), died in Messina in 1543. Umbrian school. Real name Polidoro Caldara; while employed as a mason in the Vatican when Raphael and his pupils were painting, he acquired a taste for art, and induced Maturino, a Florentine artist, to instruct him. He soon exhibited such aptitude that Maturino took him into partnership, and they executed conjointly many works in black and white, now known only by engravings. When Rome was sacked (1527), Caravaggio went to Naples, and afterward to Messina, where he acquired fame and wealth. When about to return to Rome, he was murdered for his money. In his earlier works Polidoro shows his training in the school of Raphael: e. g. Frieze of the History of Niobe on façade of a house in the Via della Maschera d'Oro, No. 7, at Rome. Later he became an out and out naturalist, as in the Christ bearing the Cross, Naples Museum. Among his works are: Psyche received into Olympus, Louvre; Passage of the Red Sea, Brera, Milan; St. Luke, Berlin Museum; Pietà, Turin Gallery; Meleager, Capitol Museum, Rome; Cephalus and Procris, Vienna Museum.—Vasari, ed. Mil., v. 141; Tassi, Pittura Bergamaschi (Bergamo, 1708), 76; Burckhardt, 186; Wornum, Epochs, etc., 235; Ch. Blanc, École ombrienne; Dohme, 2iii.; Lübke, Gesch. ital. Mal., ii. 375.

CARBAJAL, LUIS DE, born in Toledo in 1534, died after 1613. Spanish school; pupil of Juan de Villoldo, removed early to Madrid, and became, in 1556, painter to Philip II. Painted in 1570-82 seven altarpieces for the Escorial, and a Magdalen (1570), now in the Madrid Museum. In 1591 he painted, with Blas del Prado, some pictures for the Church of the Minorites, Toledo; Portrait of the Archbishop D. Bartolomé Carranza in the capitular hall of the Cathedral at Toledo; Circumcision, Hermitage, St. Petersburg.—Stirling, i. 261; Madrazo, 365.

CARBONE, GIOVANNI BERNARDO, born in Albaro, near Genoa, in 1614, died in 1683. Genoese school; pupil of Gio. Andrea de' Ferrari; studied composition in Venice. Painted historical subjects, but chiefly noted for his portraits, in which he imitated Van Dyck. Works: St. Louis adoring the Cross, l'Annunziata, Genoa; Madonna and Saints, Palazzo Pallavicini, Genoa.—Lanzi, iii. 267; Ch. Blanc, École génoise; Burckhardt, 779.

CARCASSONNE, DELIVERANCE AT, Jean Paul Laurens, Luxembourg Museum; canvas, H. 14 ft. 2 in. × 11 ft. In August, 1303, the inhabitants of Carcassone and of Albi, under the lead of the reformer of Languedoc, Jean de Picquigny, released many prisoners from the dungeons of the Inquisition. Men are engaged in removing the stones from the entrance, over which is seen the Papal arms, while the reformer is preaching to people at left. Salon, 1879.

CARDENAS, BARTOLOME DE, born in Portugal in 1547, died in Madrid in 1606. Spanish school; pupil in Madrid of Alonso Sanchez Coello; painted frescos in the cloisters of Convent of Atocha, Madrid; in 1601 went to Valladolid, at invitation of Duke of Lerma, for whom he painted altarpieces in the church and several religious works in the cloisters and chapels of the convent of S. Pablo. Some of his pictures are in the Museum at Valladolid. His son Juan (flourished 1620), was a painter of fruits and flowers.—Stirling, i. 432.

CARDI, LUDOVICO. See Cigoli.

CARDUCCI (Carducho), BARTOLOMMEO, born in Florence in 1560, died in Madrid in 1608. Florentine school; pupil of Federigo Zucchero, with whom he went, in 1585, to Spain, and was engaged as painter, sculptor,