"Liber Veritatis," a collection of 200 drawings, owned by the Duke of Devonshire, was begun about 1634, and finished March 25, 1675, as a record of work projected as well as accomplished, and not probably, as is generally supposed, to guarantee the authenticity of all the pictures which left Claude's studio. In the height of his fame, the painter was patronised at Rome by the King of Spain and the Elector of Bavaria, Prince Doria, the Dukes de Béthune and de Créquy, and many other distinguished persons. From the church of the Trinità di Monte, where he was buried, and where his monument was destroyed by the French in 1798, his remains were removed in 1840 to the church of S. Luigi in Francesi at the suggestion of M. Thiers. Works: Marriage of Isaac and Rebecca, Temple of Delos, and 2 other landscapes, Palazzo Doria, Rome; The Setting Sun, Palazzo Sciarra, Rome; 2 landscapes, Palazzo Borghese, Rome; Landscapes, Naples Museum; do., Palazzo, Madama, Turin; Hagar expelled by Abraham, Hagar in the Desert (1668), The Herdsman (1656), Morning (1674), Old Pinakothek, Munich; Flight into Egypt, Polyphemus (1650), Dresden Gallery; Italian Coast View (1642), Berlin Museum; Morning, and 11 other landscapes, Hermitage, St. Petersburg; Magdalen Praying, and 9 landscapes, Madrid Museum; Return of Chryseis, Cleopatra landing at Tarsus (1647), and 15 other landscapes, Louvre, Paris; Marriage of Isaac and Rebecca, Cephalus and Procris, Embarkation of Queen of Sheba (1648), do. of St. Ursula, Narcissus and Echo, and 7 other pictures, National Gallery, London; 6 in Dulwich Gallery; Rape of Europa, Buckingham Palace; 5 landscapes, Windsor Castle; Enchanted Castle, Lord Overstone; Mount Tabor, Golden Calf, Grosvenor House; 2 landscapes, Bridgewater House; Temple of Apollo, Landing of Æneas, Agnew, London; Apollo and Marsyas, Earl of Leconfield; Birth of Roman Empire, Decline of Roman Empire, Longford Castle; Ulysses and Nausicaä, M. H. Arnot, Elmira, N. Y.—Pattison, Claude Lorrain; Rev. des Deux Mondes, Jan. 15, 1884, 365; Sandrart, Academy Nob. artis picturæ (Nuremberg, 1683).
CLAUSEN, GEORGE, born in England;
contemporary. Landscape and genre painter.
Exhibits at Royal Academy and Grosvenor
Gallery. Works: Night brings Rest, A
Study, Women Washing—Zuyder-Zee (1879);
La Pensée (1880); Haverstock Hill (1881);
Gleaners (1882); Marie, Hay-Time, Winter
Work (1883); Labourers after Dinner (1884);
End of a Winter's Day, Crow Starving
(1885).
CLAXTON, MARSHALL, born at Bolton,
Lancashire, in 1811, died in London in 1881.
History painter, pupil of John Jackson, and
of the Royal Academy; won the first medal in
painting school in 1834, and gold medal of
Society of Arts in 1835. He visited Italy in
1837; won prize of £100 at Westminster
Hall Exhibition in 1843 for his Alfred the
Great in Camp of the Danes; went to Australia
in 1850, to India and Egypt in 1855,
returning with many sketches. Works:
Christ blessing Little Children, school-room
at St. Stephens, Westminster; Spenser reading
the Faerie Queene, Mother of Moses,
Grandmother, Free Seat, Baroness Burdett-Coutts;
Christ at Tomb of Lazarus, View of
Sydney, Last Queen of the Aborigines, Collection
of the Queen; Sir Joshua Reynolds
and his Friends; Hagar and Ishmael; Death-*bed
of John Wesley.—Bryan (Graves).
CLAYS, PAUL JEAN, born in Bruges in
1819. Marine painter, pupil in Paris of
Gudin; lives in Brussels. Medals: Brussels,
1851; 2d class, Paris, 1867, 1878; L. of Honour,
1875; Officer, 1881; Order of Leopold.
Works: After Shipwreck (1852), Ghent Museum;
Windy Weather, Portuguese Xebec in
Sight of French Squadron, Entrance of
Queen Victoria into Port of Ostend, Coast
Scene in Flanders (1855); Environs of Tréport
(1855), Duke of Ostend (1857); The
Scheldt at Antwerp (1859); Entrance to
Southampton Water, Calm on the Scheldt
(1868); Morning Light, Dead Calm, Squall
