on the Scheldt (1874); Thames near London, View on the Scheldt (1875); Bruges, North Sea (1876); Zuyder-Zee near Texel, Canal in Zélande (1877); Canal in the Nieuwe-Maas, Saardam (1878); Dutch Vessels in a Calm (1863), Dutch Boats in Roads of Flushing (1870), National Gallery, London; Becalmed near Amsterdam, Rough Sea on Coast of Flanders (1884); In Roadstead of Dunkirk, Fog at Dawn (1885).—Gaz. des B. Arts (1867), xxiii. 16; L'Art, 1876.
CLEANTHES, Greek painter, of Corinth,
early period. According to Pliny (xxxv. 5
[15]) the invention of line-drawing was assigned
both to him and to Philocles the
Egyptian. The Temple of Artemis Alphæonia,
near Olympia, contained his paintings
of the Iliupersis (taking of Troy) and the
birth of Athena.—Strabo, viii. 3, 12. Athenagoras
Leg. pro Christ., 14 (p. 59, ed. Dechair).
CLEEF, JAN VAN, born at Venloo, Guelderland,
in 1646, died in Ghent in 1716.
Flemish school; history painter, pupil of
Luigi Primo (Gentile), then in Brussels of
Gaspard de Craeyer, whom he assisted with
his numerous works for churches in the
Low Countries, and on the death of his
master completed those left unfinished. One
of the ablest artists of his country. His
most esteemed works are in the churches
and in the Museum of Ghent, whither he
removed in 1681. Works: Assumption, St.
James's; Immaculate Conception, St. Michael's;
Magdalen at Feet of Christ, St.
Nicholas; Sisters of Charity during the
Plague, Convent of the Black Nuns, all in
Ghent.—Biog. nat. de Belgique, iv. 141; Michiels,
ix. 91.
CLEEF (Cleve), JOOST VAN, called de
Zotte (crazy) Cleef, born in Antwerp; flourished
1530-1550. Flemish school. Painted
in France and England. One of the best
portrait painters of 16th century, approaching
style of Hans Holbein, and foreshadowing
Antonio Moro; great colourist. The
preference which Henry VIII. gave to Titian's
paintings destroyed Van Cleef's reason;
he died insane. Some of his best
pictures are: Portraits of himself and wife,
Windsor Castle; portrait of himself, Earl
Spencer, Althorp; two male portraits, Oxford;
SS. Cosmo and Damian, Antwerp
Cathedral; Last Judgment, Ghent Cathedral.—Biog.
nat. de Belgique, iv. 135; Ch.
Blanc, École flamande; Rooses (Reber), 70.
CLEEF, MARTEN VAN, born in Antwerp,
died there about 1570. Flemish
school; history painter, pupil of Frans Floris;
entered Antwerp guild in 1551; is called
the Master of the Ape, because he sometimes
introduced that animal as his mark.
His brother Hendrik (died in Antwerp, 1589)
supplied the landscapes and backgrounds
in his and in Frans Floris's pictures, while he
often painted the figures in the landscapes
of his brother, of Gilles van Conincxloo,
and others. His four sons, Gilles, Marten,
Georges, and Nicholas, were also painters.
Works: Room in Peasant's Cottage with
Company at Table, Vienna Museum.—Biog.
nat. de Belgique, iv. 139.
CLEISTHENES, scene painter and architect,
of Eretria, about 384 B.C. He was
the father of Menedemus, the pupil of Plato.—Diog.
Laer., ii. 125.
CLÉMENT, FÉLIX AUGUSTE, born at
Donzère (Drôme), May 20, 1826. Genre
painter; pupil of Drolling and Picot. Won
the grand prix de Rome, 1856. Paints
chiefly Oriental scenes. Medals: 3d class,
1861; medal, 1867. Works: Feast of Bairam
in Cairo, Death of Cæsar, Destruction
of Babylon, March of Recruits, Arab Woman
weeping over her Husband's Tomb
(1868); Before the Bath (1874); Sick Child
(1879); Circassian Woman in the Harem
(1880); Morning (1881); Nymphs Surprised,
Behold the Great Turk (1883).
CLEOBIS AND BITON, Antoine François
Callet, École des Beaux Arts, Paris.
Sons of Cydippe, priestess of Hera at Argos.
Once, during the festival of Hera, when
the oxen which were to draw the chariot of
the priestess did not arrive in time, Cleobis
and Biton dragged it with their mother
