Fontainebleau. He exhibited in 1844, though it was not until 1849 that he first attracted attention by his After Dinner at Ornans. His Burial Scene at Ornans (1850) and the Stone-Breakers were much talked about, and the exhibition of his works at Besançon, Dijon, Munich, and Frankfort in 1854 extended his reputation. After 1870 he ceased to exhibit his pictures. Medals in 1849, 1857, and 1861. As chief instigator of the overthrow of the Vendôme Column, May 16, 1871, he was sentenced to six months' imprisonment, and to bear the cost of restoration. After his release he retired to Switzerland. He was an intense, but narrow and unemotional realist. Works: The Wounded Man (1844); Violoncellist, three Landscapes (1848); After Dinner at Ornnas, Landscape near Honfleur, Lille Museum; Valley of the Loue, The Parishes of Chassagne (1849); River Loue, Ruins of Castle of Scey, Peasants returning from a Fair, Stone-Breakers, Burial at Ornans (1850), Louvre, Salle des Colonnades; Conflagration (1851); Village Ladies (1852); Women Bathing, Woman Spinning, Wrestlers (1853); Sifting Wheat (1855); Young Women of the Seine, Hunting a Roebuck, Doe run down in the Snow (1857), Boston Museum Fine Arts; Deer Fighting, Deer in the Water, Huntsman, Fox in the Snow, Rock of Oragnon (1861); Fox-Hunting, Little Fishermen in Franche-Comté, Return from Conference (1863); Valley of Puits Noir (1865), Luxembourg Museum; Woman with a Parrot, The Quarry (1866), Boston Museum of Fine Arts; A Beggar's Alms, Buck at Bay (1868), Louvre; Deer Calling, The Siesta (1869), The Stormy Sea (Luxembourg Museum), Cliffs of Étretat (1870). The following were bought by the State at the Lepel-Cointet sale (1881): Deer in Cover (35,000 fr.), Man with a Leather Belt (26,100 fr.), Courbet's Studio (21,000 fr.), Stag Fight (49,100 fr.), Deer Calling (33,900 fr.), Wounded Man (11,000 fr.), Siesta (29,100 fr.)—Gaz. des B. Arts (1878), xvii. 514; xviii. 17, 371; (1882), xxv. 572; Lippincott's Mag., xxi. 631; Champier, l'Année artistique (1878), 486; Claretie, Peintres, etc. (1882), 241; Du Camp, Beaux Arts, 219; Bruno Meyer, Studien, 94; Perrier, Études, 146; Rosetti, F. A., 112; Zeitschrift f. b. K., ii. 119; xi. 183, 209; The Century, Feb., 1884; L'Art (1878), xii. 72; (1881), xxvii. 232; Temple Bar, xlii. 535.
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COURDOUAN, VINCENT (JOSEPH FRANÇOIS), born in Toulon, March 6, 1810. Landscape and marine painter, pupil of Paulin Guérin. Medals: 3d class, 1838 and 1844; 2d class, 1847; L. of Honour, 1852. Appointed professor of design at the Naval School in Toulon in 1848. Works: Castle of Napoule, View of Bagnols, Gorges of Ollioules, Coast of Provence, Arrival of Bey of Tunis at Toulon, Port of Algiers, Battle of the Romulus, Vessels driven close to Shore by a Storm, Evening among the Pines, Valley of Ardennet, Embarcation of Zouaves for the Crimea (1855); Harbour of Toulon, View of Bordighiera, Coast of Balagnier (1857); Pirates Chased (1859); French Troop Ship in Harbour of Hyères (1861); Valley of Broussan, Environs of Nersi (1864); Birckadem (1867); Desert in Egypt at Evening (1868); Coast of Provence, Morning (1869); Harbour of Brusc (1873); Environs of Hyères (1874); Sunset after Heavy Weather on Coast of Provence (1875); Gorge of Malvoisin (1876); Gulf of Ciotat (1877); Beach at Hyères, Evening near Hyères (1878); Fountain at Notre-Dame-Du-Muy, Camogli in Gulf of Genoa (1879); Evening by Sea at Toulon, Shore of Argentières (1880); Harbour of Toulon, Entrance to Harbour of Toulon (1882); Point of La Croisette at Cannes, Villa Cloquet near Toulon (1883).
COURSE OF EMPIRE, Thomas Cole,
New York Historical Society; canvas. A
