series of five pictures, representing a nation's rise, progress, decline, fall, and desolation. Painted in 1832-4 for Luman Reed, New York. 1. (H. 3 ft. 3 in. × 5 ft. 1 in.) Savage State or Commencement of Empire; 2. (H. 3 ft. 3 in. × 5 ft. 2 in.) Arcadian or Pastoral State; 3. (H. 4 ft. 2 in. × 6 ft. 3 in.) Consummation of Empire; 4. (H. 3 ft. 2 in. × 5 ft. 2 in.) Destruction; 5. (H. 3 ft. 3 in. × 5 ft. 1 in.) Desolation. Of this picture Frederic E. Church writes: "If I were permitted to select three from among all the landscapes I have ever seen, I should certainly choose for one of them 'Desolation,' the last of the five pictures of the 'Course of Empire.'"
COURT-JESTERS IN ANTECHAMBER,
Eduardo Zamacoïs, Mrs. A. T. Stewart, New
York; canvas. A group of hunchbacked
jesters amusing themselves in the antechamber
of a prince. The painter's sarcastic humour
finds vent in making these unfortunates
portraits of himself and of his artist friends.
The one watching the stand of paroquets is
Jules Worms, and the one throwing dice is
Berne-Bellecour; he himself is represented
with ass's ears, and his brother is the page.—Art
Treas. of Amer., i. 37.
COURT, JOSEPH DÉSIRÉ, born at Rouen,
Sept. 11, 1798, died there, Jan. 23, 1865.
Genre painter, pupil of Gros; won the grand
prix de Rome in 1821. Medals: 1st class,
1831; 2d class, 1855; L. of Honour, 1838.
Works: Samson delivered to the Philistines
(1821); Deluge, Faun in a Bath dragging
in a Girl, Death of Cæsar (1827), Louvre;
St. Peter sent by the Romans to Jerusalem
(1836); Duc d' Orléans as Lieut. General
(1836), Versailles; Return of St. Louis (1841);
King giving Colours to the National Guard,
Aug. 29, 1830, Versailles; Flight of Governor
of Constantine (1839); Duc d' Orléans
laying the first Stone of the Agen
Canal (1844). Among his many portraits
are those of Mme. Adelaïde and the Prince
de Joinville, the King and Queen of Denmark,
Duc Decazes, Monsignor Sibour, and
Pope Pius IX. (1855).—Larousse.
COURTAT, LOUIS, born in Paris; contemporary.
History painter, pupil of Cabanel.
Medals: 3d class, 1873 and 1874;
1st class, 1875.
Works: Siesta
(1873); St. Sebastian
(1874);
Leda (1875), Luxembourg Museum; Hagar
and Ishmael (1877); Spring-Time (1878);
Eve and her Children (1879); Nymph (1880);
Little Orange Girl (1881); Odalisque (1882);
Venus Awakened (1884); Bathers (1885).
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COURTENS, FRANZ, born at Termonde, Belgium; contemporary. Landscape and genre painter. Medal: 3d class, 1884. Works: Morning in the Campine (1881); Departure for Fishing, Dutch Village (1882); In the Cabbage Fields, Salt Meadows (1883).
COURTOIS, GUSTAVE, born at Pusey
(Haute-Saône) in 1852. History and portrait
painter, pupil of Gérôme. Medals: 3d
class, 1878; 2d class, 1880; Munich, 1883.
Works: Orpheus, Death of Archimedes
(1876); Narcissus (1877), Luxembourg Museum;
Lais in Hell (1878); Dante and Virgil
in Hell (1880); Portraits (1881); Bayadere
(1882); Fantasy (1883); Burial of
Atala (1884).—Meyer, Conv. Lex., xxi. 157.
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COURTOIS, JACQUES, named Le Bourguignon
(Il Borgognone);
in Italy
called also Jacopo
Cortese; born at
St. Hippolyte,
Franche-Comté,
in 1621, died in
Rome, Nov. 14,
1676. French
school; battle
painter, pupil of his father, Jean, and of
Cerquozzi. Entered the Spanish military
service, then went to Italy to resume his
artistic studies at Rome. Inspired by Raphael's
fresco of the victory of Constantine
