out such amendment, to give effect to every measure to carry the treaty into effect during his administration. See Jefferson's Corresp., ii. pp. 1, 2, 3; Story's Comm.]
District of Columbia.—On the Report of the Committee of Elections, on the Case of John P. Van Ness.
House of Representatives, January 17, 1803.
Mr. VAN NESS said, the reasons he should offer to the committee for retaining his seat were few and simple. He thought the fair, liberal, and sound construction did not affect his case; that the incapacitating provision only applied to civil offices. The Constitution was only a digest of the most approved principles of the constitutions of the several states, in which the spirit of those constitutions was combined. Not one of those constitutions excluded from office those who had accepted military appointments, except in the regular service. He, therefore, felt a full conviction that it never was the intention of the framers of the Constitution of the United States to exclude militia officers from holding a seat in Congress. And however important it might be to adhere to the letter of the Constitution, yet, when the spirit of it was so clear as it appeared to him, it ought to have weight in the decision of the question before the committee which might affect objects of great importance. The right of every portion of the Union to a representation in that house was very important, and ought to be respected in all cases which may either directly or indirectly affect it.
Mr. BACON observed, though the first part of the section of the Constitution referred to civil offices, yet the latter part used the expression any office, which was more comprehensive, and appeared to them to have been intended to have a universal effect.
The question was then taken on the report of the committee of elections, which was agreed to without a division.
On Mr. Bacon's Resolution to re-cede the District of Columbia.
House or Representatives, February 9, 1803.
Mr. BAYARD. Now, the states of Maryland and Virginia have made this cession, with the consent and approbation of the people in the ceded territory, and Congress has accepted the cession, and assumed the jurisdiction. Are they, then, at liberty, or can they relinquish it, without the consent of the other parties? It is presumed they cannot. In his opinion, they were constitutionally and morally bound to proceed in the exercise of that power regularly assumed, either immediately by themselves, or by the intervention of a territorial legislature, chosen and acting under a special act of Congress for that purpose. To relinquish the jurisdiction at this time, and re-cede the territory, would, in his view, exhibit a surprising inconsistency of conduct in the legislature; it would discover such a versatility, such a disposition to change, as could not fail to unsettle the minds of the people, and shake their confidence in the government.
Duelling.—On a Resolution for rendering all Persons concerned in a Duel incapable of holding an Office under the General Government of the United States.
House or Representatives, December 31, 1803.
Mr. DAVIS said, if the house could be made sensible that the resolution embraced a subject on which it could not constitutionally act,
