ITON. ITONor ITO'NTJS C'lTa);',Hom.;lTa.roy,Strab.), a town of Plithiotis in Thcssaly, called by Homer " mother of flocks " (//. ii. 696), was situated 60 stadia from Alus, upon the river Cuarius or Coralius, and above the Crocian plain. (Strab. ix. p. 435.) Leake .supposes the K/wlu to be the Cuarius, and ]ilaces Itonus near the spot where the river issues from the mountains ; and as, in that case, Iton pos- sessed a portion of the pastoral highlands of Othrys, the epithet " mother of flocks " appears to have been well adapted to it. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. pp. 356, 357.) Iton had a celebrated temple of Athena, whose worship, under the name of the Itonian Athena, was carried by the Boeotians, when they were expelled from Thessaly, into the country named after them. (Strab. I.e.; Steph. B. «. «.; Apollod. ii. 7. § 7.; Appollon. i. 551, with Schol.; Cullim. Ilymn. in Cer. 74.; Paus. i. 13. § 2, iii. 9. § 13, ix. 34. § 1, X. 1. § 10 ; Plut. Pyrrh. 26.) ITO'NE ('Itcoj't)), a toTi in Lydia of unknown site. (Uionys. Per. 465 ; Steph. B. s. v.) [L. S.] ITUCCl (Plin. iii. 1. s. 3), or ITUCI (Coins; 'Itu/ctj, Appian, Hisp. 66, 68), a city in the W. of Ilispania Baetica. Under the Romans, it was a colonia immunis, with the surname Virtus Julia, and it belonged to the conventns of Hispalis. Its probable site, in the opinion of Ukert, was between Martos and Espejo, near Valemuela. (Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1 . p. 369 ; Coins, o]). Florez, Med. de Esp. vol. ii. p. 487; Mionnet, vol. i. p- 18, Suppl. vol. i. p. 32 ; Sestini, p. 63 ; Eckhel, vol. i. p. 24.) [P. S.] ITUNA, in Britain, mentioned by Ptolemy (ii. 3. § 2) as an aestuary immediately to the north of the Moricamhe aestuary = Mwecambe Bay. This identifies it with the Solway Firth. [R. G. L.] ITURAEA QlTovpaia), a district in the NE. of Palestine (Strab. xvi. j). 755 ; Plin. v. 19), which, with Trachonitis, belonged to the tetrarchy of Philip. {St. Luke, iii. 1 ; comp. Joseph. Ant. xv. 10. § 1.) The name is so loosely applied by the ancient writers that it is difiicult to fix its boundaries with precision, but it may be said roughly to be traversed by a line drawn from the Lake of Tiberias to Damascus. It was a mountainous district, and full of caverns (Strab. I.e.') : the inhabitants, a wild race (Chc.Phil.n. 24), fiivoured by the natural features of the country, were in the habit of robbing the traders from Da- mascus (Strab. xvi. p. 756), and were famed as archers. (Virg. Georg. ii. 448 ; Lucan. vii. 230, 514.) At an early period it was occupied by the tribe of Jetur (Chron.. 19 ; ^IrovpoLOL, LXX.), whose name is connected with that of Jetur, a son of Ishmael. (1 Chron. i. 31.) The Ituraeans — either the de- scendants of the original possessor, or, as is more jn-obable, of new comers, who had occupied this district after the exile, and assumed the original name — were eventually subdued by king Aristobulus, b.c. 100, who compelled them to be circumcised, and incorporated them in his dominions. (Joseph. Ant. xiii. 11. § 3.) The mountain district was in the hands of Ptolemaeus, tetrarch of Chalcis (Strab. xvi. p. 753) ; but when Pompeius came into Syria, Ituraea ivas ceded to the Romans (Appian. Mithr. 106), though probably it retained a certain amount of independence under native vassal princes : M. An- tonius imposed a heavy tribute upon it. (Appian, B. C. V. 7.) Finally, under Claudius, it became part of the province of Syria. (Tac. Ann. xii. 23 ; Dion Cass. lix. 12.) The district El-Djcdur, to the E. of Hermon {Djthel-esh-Sclieikli), and lying W, of tlie Uadj road, which according to Curckbardt JULIACUM. 101 {Trav. p. 286) now contains only twenty inhabited villages, comprehended the whole or the greater part of ancient Ituraea. (Munter, de Reh. Ituraeor. Havn. 1824 ; comp. Winer, Realworterbuch, s. v.- Ritter, Erdkunde, vol. xv. pt. ii. pp. 354 357' 899-) [E.B.J.] ' ITURISSA. [TuEissA.] ^ ITYCA. [iTucci.] ITYS, in Britain, mentioned by Ptolemy (ii. 3. § 1) as a river lying north of the Epidian pronjon- tory {Mull of Cantyre), with the river Longus be- tween. As this latter=/,oc/i Linnhe, the Itys is probably the Sound of Skat, between the Jsle of Shje and the mainland. In the Monumenta Bri- taunica we have Loch Torridon. Loch Duich, Loch ^«- ' [R. G. L.] JUDAEA. [Palaestina.] JUDAH. [Pai^estina.] IVERNIA. [Ierne.] IVERNIS i^lovipvls'), mentioned by Ptolemy (ii.2. § 10) as one of the inland iosrs, of Ireland, the others being Rhigia, Rhaeba, Laberus, JIacolicum, another Rhaeba, Dunum. Of these, Dunum has been identified with Doum, and Macolicum with jValhw, on the strength of the names. Laberus, on similar but less satisfactory ground, ==Kil-/aM' in West Meath. Ivernus is identified by O'Connor with Lun-lceron, on the Kenmare river; but the grounds on which this has been done are unstated. [R G L ] IVIAorJUVIA. [Gallaecia.] JULIA CONSTANTIA. [Osset.] JULIA FIDENTIA. [Ulia.] JULIA JOZA ('louAia 'l6^a), a city on the coast of Hispania Baetica, between Gades and Belon, colonized by a population of Romans mixed with the removed inhabitants of the town of Zelis, near Tingis, on the Libyan shore of the Straits. Thus far Strabo (iii. p. 140) : later writers speak of a place named Julia Tkansducta, or simply Transducta ("loi/- Kia Tpavcj^oiiKra, Ptol. ii. 4. § 6 ; Marcian. Heracl. p. 39; Geog. Rav.), E. of Mellaria; and coins are extant with the epigraph .julia traducta (Florez, Med. deEsp. vol. ii. p. 596, Esp. S. vol.x. p. 50; Blionnet, vol. i. p. 26, Suppl. vol. i. pp. 19, 45 ; Sestini, Med. Isp. p. 90 ; Num. Goth. ; Eckhel. vol. i. pp. 29—31). Mela does not mention the place by either of these names ; but, after speaking of Carteia, he adds the following remarkable words : et quam iransvecti ex Africa Phoenices hahitant, atque wide nos sumus, Tingentera. (Mela, ii. 6.) It can hardly be doubted that all these statements refer to the same place ; nay, the very names are identical, Transducta being only the Latin trans- lation of the word Joza (from nV> egressus est^ used by the Phoenician inhabitants to describe the origin of the city. Its site must have been at or near Tarifa, in the middle of the European shore of the Straits, and on the S.-most point of the pen- insula. {Mem. de VAcad. dts Inscr. p. 103 ; Philos. Trans, sxx. p, 919 ; Mentelle, Geog. Comp. Esp^ Ane. p. 229 ; Ukert, ii. 1. p. 344.) [P. S.] JULIA LIBYCA. [Cerretani.] JULIA MYRTILIS. [Myrtilis.] JULIA ROMULA. [Hispalis.] JULIA TKANSDUCTA. [Julia Joza.] JULIA VICTRIX. [Tarraco.] JULIACUM, a town in Gallia Belgica. In the Antonine Itin. a road runs from Castellum {Cassel) through Tongcrn to Juliacum, and thence to Co- lonia {Cologne). Juliacum is 18 leagues from Co- Ionia. Another road runs from Colouia Trajana to 11 3
