102 JULIANOPOLIS. Juliacam, and from Juliacam through Tiberi.icum to Colorjne. On this road also Juliacum is placed 18 leagues from Cologne. Juliacum is Jullers, or Jiiltch, as the Germans call it, on the river Roer, on the carriage road from Cologne to Aix-la-Chapelle. The first part of the word seems to be the Roman name Juli-, which is rendered more probable by finding between Juliacum and Colonia a place Ti- beriacum (^Bercheim or Berghen). Acuni is a common ending of the names of towns in North Gallia. [G. L.] JULTANO'POLIS (^lovXiavovnoXis), a town in Lydia which is not mentioned Tintil the time of Hierocles (p. 670), according to whom it was situ- ated close to Jlaeonia, and must be looked f)r in the southern parts of Mount Tmolus, between Phila- delphia and Tralles. (Comp. Plin. v. 29.) [L. S.] JULIAS. [Betiisaida.] JULIO'BONA ('Ioi;Ai<5§oi'a), a town in Gallia Belgica, is the city of the Caleti, or Caleitae as Pto- lemy writes the name (ii. 8. § 5), who occupied the Pays de Caux. [Caleti.] The place is Lillehone, on the little river Bolbec, near the north bank of the Seine, between Havre and Caudebec, in the present department of Seine Inferieuse. The Itins. show several roads from Juliobona; one to Eotomagus (^Rouen), through Breviodurum ; and another through Breviodurum to Noviomagus {Lisieux), on the south side of the Seine. The road from Juliobona to the west terminated at Carocotinum. [Carocotinuji.] The place has the name Juhabona in the Latin middle age writings. It was a favourite residence of the dukes of Normandie, and William, named the Conqueror, had a castle here, where he often resided. The name Juliobona is one of many examples of a word formed by a Roman prefix (Julio) and a Celtic termination (Bona), like Augustobona, Julio- magus. The word Divoua or Bibona [Divoxa] lias the same termination. It ajtpears from a middle age Latin wi-iter, cited by D'Anville {Notice, ifc, Julio- buna), that the place was then called Illebona, from which the modern name Lillelonne has come by prefixing the article; as the river Oltis in the south of France has become JJOlt, and Lot. The name Juliobona, the traces of the old roads, and the remains discovered on the site of Lillebonne prove it to have been a Roman town. A Roman theatre, tombs, medals, and antiquities, have been discovered. [G. L.] JULIOBRI'GA (^lovKi6§piya), the chief city of the CantabrL, in Hispania Tarraconensis, belonging to the conventus of (Jlunia, stood near the sources of the Ehro, on the eminence of Retwtillo, S. of Rey- nosa. Five stones still mark the bounds which divided its territory from that of Legio IV. It had its port, named Portus Victoriae Juliobrigensium, at Santonna. (Plin. iii. 3. s. 4, iv. 20. s. 34 ; Ptol. ii. 6. § 51 ; Inscr. ap. Gruter, p. 354 ; Blorales, A ntig. p. 68 ; Florez, Esp. S. vol. vi. p. 4 1 7 ; Canfabr. p. 64 ; Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 443.) [P. S.] JULIOJIAGUS ('lovi6fxayos), a town of the Andecavi, in Gallia Lugdunen.sis, and their capital. (Ptol. ii. 8. § 8.) It is named Juliomagus in the Table, and marked as a capital. It is now Atigei-s. [ANDECA^^.] [G. L.] JULIO'POLIS. [GoRDiuM and Tarsus.] JULIO'POLIS AEGYPTL Pliny (vi. 23. s. 26) alone among ancient geographers mentions this place among the towns of Lower Aegypt. From the silence of his predecessors, and from the name itself, we may reasonably infer its recent origin. According JURCAE. to Pliny, Juliopolis stood about 20 miles distant from Alexandreia, upon the banks of the canal which connected that city with the Canopic arm of the Nile. Some geographers suppose Juliopolis to have been no other than Nicopolis, or the City of Victory, foimded by Augustus Caesar in b. c. 29, partly to commemorate his reduction of Aegypt to a Roman province, and partly to punish the Alexandrians for their adherence to Cleopatra and M. Antonius. ]Linnert, on the contrary (x. i. p. 626), believes Juliopolis to have been merely that suburb of Alex- andreia which Strabo (xvii. p. 795) calls Eleusis. At this place the Nile-boats, proceeding up the river, took in cargoes and passengers. [Y. B. D.] lU'LIS. [Ceos.] JU'LIUM CA'RNICUM ('louAior Kapf i/cor, Ptol : Ztiglto), a town of the Carni, situated at the foot of the Julian Alps, which, from its name, would seem to have been a Roman colony founded either by Julius Caesar, or in his honour by Augustus. If Paulus Diaconus is correct in ascribing the foun- dation of Forum Julii to the dictator himself (P. Diac. Hist. Lang. ii. 14), there is little doubt that Julium Carnicum dates from the same period: but we have no account of its foundation. Ptolemy in one place distinctly describes it as in Noricum (viii. 7. § 4), in another more correctly as situated on the frontiers of Noricum and Italy (/xeTa^v t^s 'IraA'tas Kol Noipucov, ii. 13. § 4). But Pliny ex- pressly includes it in the territory of the Carni and the tenth region of Italy (" Julienses Carnorum," iii. 19. s. 23), and its position on the S. side of the Alps clearly entitles it to be considered in Italy. It.s position is correctly indicated by the Itinerary of Antoninus (p. 219), which places it 60 M. P., from Aquileia, on the road leading nearly due N. from that city over the Julian Alps. The first stage on this road, " Ad Triccsimum," still retains the name of Trigesimo, and the site of Julium Carnicum is marked by the village of Zuglio (where some Roman remains have been discovered), in a side valley open- ing into that of the Tagliamento, about 4 miles above Tolmezzo. The pass from thence over the Monte di Sta. Croce into the valley of the Gail, now prac- ticable only for mules, follows the line of the ancient Roman road, given in the Itinerary, and therefore probably a frequented pass under the Romans [Alpes, p. 110, No. 7]: but the inscription on the faith of which the construction of this road has been ascribed to Julius Caesar is a palpable forgery. (Cluver. Ital. p. 200.) [E. H. B.] JUNCARIA, JUNCARIUS CAMPUS. [Ik- DIGETES.] JUNONIA INSULA. [Fortunatae Ins.] JURA. [Hel'etii ; Gallia, p. 951.] JURCAE ("lypfcai), mentioned by Herodotus (iv. 22) as lying contiguous to the Thyssagetae, who lay beyond the Budini, who lay beyond the Sauromatae of the Palus Maeotis and Lower Tanais. Their countiy was well-wooded. They were hunters, and had horses. This points to some portion of the lower Uralian range. They were probably tribes of the L^grian stock, akin to the present Morduins, Tsherimiss, Tshuvashes, of which they were the most southern portion. The reason for for this lies in the probability of the name being a derivative from the root -At- (as in Ukraine and Car in-thia')— border, or boundary, some form of which gave the Slavonic population their equivalent to the Germanic name Marcomanni = March- men. [E. G. L.]
