Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/24

12	ICTHYOPHAGORUM SINUS.

tribes, dwelt to the southward of the Regio Troglodytica. Of these, and other more inland races, concerning whose strange forms and modes of life curious tales are related by the Greek and Roman writers, a further account is given under Troglodytes. [ W. B. D. ]

ICHTHYOPHAGORUM SINUS l'lxeuo<pdya,v koAttos, Ptol. vi. 7. § 13), was a deeply embayed portion of the Persian gulf, in lat. 25° N., situated between the headlands of the Sun and Asabe' on the eastern coast of Arabia. The inhabitants of its bor- ders were of the same mixed race — Aethiopo- Ara- bian — with the Ichthyophagi of Aethiopia. The bay was studded with islands, of which the prin- cipal were Aradus, Tylos, and Tharos. [W. B. D.] ICHTHYS. [Elis, p. 817, b.] ICIANI, in Britain, mentioned in the Itinerary as a station on the road from London to Carlisle (Lugu- ballium). As more than one of the stations on each side (Villa Faustini, Camboricum, &c.) are uncertain, the locality of the Iciani is uncertain also. Chester- ford, Ichburg, and Thetford are suggested in the Momimenfa Britannica. [R- G. L.J ICIDIIAGUS, a town of Gallia Lugdunensis, is placed by the Table on a road between Revessium (supposed to be St. ranlian) and Aquae Segete. [Aquae Segete.] Icidmagus is probably Issen- geaux or Issinhaux, which is SSW. of St. Etienne, on the west side of the mountains, and in the basin of the Upper Loire. The resemblance of name is the chief reason for fixing on this site. [G. L.] ICO'NII ('I/cdrioi), an Alpine people of Gallia. Strabo (p. IS-O) says: " Above the Cavares are the Vocontii, and Tricorii, and Iconii, and Peduli;" and again (p. 203): " Next to the Vocontii arc the Si- conii, and Tricorii, and after them the Jledali (Me- duUi), who inhabit the highest summits." These Iconii and Siconii are evidently the same people, and the sigma in the name Siconii seems to be merely a repetition of the final sigma of the word Ovkovtiovs. The Peduli of the first passage, as some editions have it, is also manifestly the name Jledulli. The ascertained position of the Cavares on the east side of the Rhone, between the Durance and Isere, and that of the Vocontii east of the Cavares, combined with Strabo's remark about the position of the Me- dull!, show that the Tricorii and the Iconii are be- tween the Vocontii and the Medulli, who were on the High Alps; and this is all that we know. [G. L.J ICO'NIUM ('Ik6uiov : Eth. 'Ikovuvs : Cogni, Kunjah, or Koniyeh'), was regarded in the time of Xenophon (^Anah. i. 2. § 19) as the easternmost town of Phrygia, while all later authorities describe it as the principal city of Lycaonia. (Cic. ad Fam. iii. 6, 8, XV. 3.) Strabo (xii. p. 568) calls it a tto- Aix^'oy, whence we must infer that it was then still a small place ; but he adds that it was well peopled, and was situated in a fertile district of Lycaonia. Phny (v. 27), however, and the Acts of the Apostles, describe it as a very populous city, in- habited by Greeks and Jews. Hence it would ap- pear that, within a short period, the place had greatly risen in importance. In Pliny's time the territory of Iconium foimed a tetrarchy comprising 14 towns, of which Iconium was the capital. On coins belonging to the reign of the emperor Gallienus, the town is called a Roman colony, which was, probably, only an assumed title, as no author spe.aks of it as a colony. Under the Byzantine emperors it was the metropolis of Lycaonia, and is frequently mentioned (Hierocl.

p. 675); but it was wrested from them first by the

ICTIS.

Saracens, and afterwards by the Turks, who made it

the capital of an empire, the sovereigns of which took the title of Sultans of Iconium. Under the Turkish dominion, and during the period of the Cru- sades, Iconium acquired its greatest celebrity. It is still a large and populous town, and the residence of a pasha. The place contains some architectural remains and inscriptions, but they appear almost all to belong to the Byzantine period. (Comp. Amm. Marc. xiv. 2 ; Steph. B. s. v. ; Ptol. v. 6. § 16; Leake, Asia Minor, p. 48 ; Hamilton, Researches, vol. ii. p. 205, fol. ; Eckhel, vol. iii. p. 31 ; Sestini, Geo. Num. p. 48.) The name Iconium led the an- cients to derive it from tiKwv, which gave rise to the fable that the city derived its name from an image of Medusa, brought thither by Persons (Eustath. a<Z Dionys. Per. 856) ; hence Stephanus B. maintains that the name ought to be spelt 'Eik6viov, a form actually adopted by Eustathius and the Byz,antine writers, and also found on some coins. [L. S.J ICOEIGIUM. [Egorigium.] ICOS. [Ices.] ICOSITA'NL [luci.] ICO'SIUM (^K6(nov : Algier), a city on the coast of JIauretania Caesariensis, E. of Caesarea, a colony under the Roman empire, and presented by Vespasian with the jus Latinum. (Itin. Ant. ■p. 15; Mela, i. 6. § 1 ; Plin. V. 2. s. 1 ; Ptol. iv. 2. § 6.) Its site, already well indicated by the numbers of Ptolemy, who places it 30' W. of the mouth of the Savus, has been identified with certainty by inscriptions dis- covered by the French. (Pollissier, in the Explo- ration Scientifique de TAlgtrie, vol. vi. p. 350.) Many modern geographers, following Mannert, who w;is misled by a confusion in the numbers of the Itinerary, put this and all the neighbouring places too fiir west. [Comp. Iol.] [P. S.] ICTIMU'LI or VICTIMU'LI ('Iktov/ioi/Aoi, Strab.), a people of Cisalpine Gaul, situ.ited at the foot of the Alps, in the territory of Vercellae. They are mentioned by Strabo (v. p. 218), who speaks of a village of the Ictimuli, where there were gold mines, which he seems to place in the neighbourhood of Vercellae; but the passage is so confused that it would leave us in doubt. Pliny, however, who notices the gold mines of the Victimnli among the most productive in Italy, distinctly places them " in agro VerccUcnsi." We learn from him that they were at one time worked on so large a scale that a law was passed by the Roman censors prohibiting the employment in them of more than 5000 men at once. (PHn. xsxiii. 4. s. 21.) Their site is not more precisely indicated by either of the above authors, but the Geographer of Ravenna mentions the " civitas, quae dicitur Victimuk " as situated " near Eporedia, not far from the foot of the Alps " (Geogr. Rav. iv. 30) ; and a modern writer has traced the existence of the " Castellum Victimula " during the middle ages, and shown that it must have been situated between Ivrea and Biclla on the banks of the Elvo. Traces of the ancient gold mines, which appear to have been worked during the middle ages, may be still observed in the neigh- bouring mountains. (Durandi, Alpi Graie e Pevr- nine, pp. 110 — 1 12 ; Walckenaer, Geogr. des Gardes, vol. i. p. 1 68.) [E. H. B.] ICTIS, in Britain, mentioned by Diodorus Siculus (v. 22) as an island lying ofi" the coast of the tin districts, and, at low tides, becoming a peninsula, whither the tin w.as conveyed in waggons. St. Mi- chaefs Mount is the suggested locality for Ictis