630 riERIA. pirris, Utepevs, Steph. B.; Suid. 5. v. KpiTOJi/), which may be represented by a " tumulus," overthrown ■with trees upon the extremity of the ridge of Andreotissa, where it ends in a point between Uiura and Pydna, the other two chief cities of Pioria. Be- yond Pydna was a considerable forest, called " Pieria Silva" (Liv. xliv. 43), which may have furnished tiie Pierian pitch, which had such a high repu- tation. (Herod, iv. 195; Plin. xiv. 25.) The road from Pella to Larissa in Thessaly passed through Pieria [JIacedonia, Vol. II. p. 237, a.], and w;« pro- bably the route which the consul Q. Slarcius Philippus pursued in the third and fourth years of the Persic War. (Liv. xliv. 1 — 10; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. pp. 177, 210, 337, 413, 446.) [E. B. J.] PIE'KIA (Jlupia). 1. A district in Macedonia. [PlEllES.] 2. A district in Syria; a name given by the Ma- cedonians to the northern coast of Syria, on the right bank of the Orontes. The principal mountain in this district, and which was a southern branch of the Amanus, was also called Pieria. (Strab. xvi. pp. 749, 751 ; Ptol. v. 15. § 8.) The chief town was Seleuceia, which is frequently distinguished from o'.her towns of the same name by the addition of iv Uiepla, especially on coins. (Eckhel, vol. iii. p. 324; Cic. ad Att. xi. 20.) PIE'BIA. [ClERIUM.] PIE'PJUM. [ClEKIUM.] PIGU'NTIA. [Dalmatia.] PILO'PvUS (UlAwpos, Herod, vii. 122; Steph. B.), a town of Sithonia in Macedonia, upon the Singitic gulf, between Sane and Cape Ampelus, which pro- bably occupied Vurvuri, or one of the harbours adjacent to it on the N. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol iii. p. 153.) [E.B.J.] PIMOLISA (JliniiiMaa), a fort in the western part of Pont us, on the river Halys. (Steph. B. s. v.) In Strabo's time (xii. p. 562, where it is called Pimolison) the fortress was destroyed, but the district on both sides of the river was still called Pimojisene. [L. S.] PIMPLEIA (ni>7rA6ia, Strab. ix. p. 410; Apol- lon. i. 23; Lycophr. 273), a place in Pieria, where Orpheus was said to have been born, and from which the Muses obtained their epithet of IIi^TrA-jjiSes and ni(U7rA7):a5es among the Alexandrian poets. (Orph. Fragm. 46 ; '" Pimplea dulcis," Horat. Carm. i. 26. 9 ; Stat. Silo. i. 4. 26.) Leake {Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 422) identified it with the elevated situation of Litokhoro and its commanding pros- pect. [E. B.J.] PIMPRAMA (ni>Trpo/na, Arrian, Anab. v. 22), a place which appears to have been the capital of the tribe of Adraistae, a nation mentioned by Arrian as existing about a day's journey from the Hydraotes (^Iruvali). The name has an Indian form and sound, but has not, so far as we know, been iden- tified with any existing place. [V.] PIXARA (to Xl'ivapa: Eth. Xlivapivs). 1. A large city of Lycia, at the foot of Mount Cragus, and not far from the western bank of the river Xan- thus, where the Lycian hero Pandarus was wor- shipped. (Strab. xiv. 665; Steph. B. s.v. Arrian, Anah. i. 24; Plin. v. 28; Ptohv. 3. §5; Hierocl. p. 684.) This city, though it is not often mentioned by ancient writers, appears, from its vast and beau- tiful ruins, to have been, as Strabo asserts, one of the largest towns of the country. According to the Lycian history of Menecrates, quoted by Stephanus Byz. (s. V. 'ApTunvi](Tos), the town was a colony of PINDUS. Xanthus, and originally bore the name of Artymne- sus, afterwards changed into Pinara, which, in the Lycian language, signified a round hill, the town being situated on such an eminence. Its ruins were discovered by Sir Charles Fellows, near the modern village of M'mara. " From amidst the ancient city," he says {Lycia, ^. 139), "rises a singular round rocky cliff (the pinara of the Lycians), lite- rally specked all over with tombs." Beneath this clifl" lie the ruins of the extensive and splendid city. The theatre is in a very perfect state; all the seats are remaining, with the slanting sides towards the proscenium, as well as several of its doorways. The walls and several of the buildings are of the Cyclo- pian style, with massive gateways, formed of three immense stones. The tombs are innumerable, and the inscriptions are in the Lycian characters, but Greek also occurs often on the same tombs. Some of these rock-tombs are adorned with fine and rich sculptures. (See the plate in Fellows facing p. 141.) 2. A town of Cilicia (Phn. v. 22), perhaps the same as the one mentioned by Ptolemy (v. 15. § 12) as situated in Pieria, a district of Syria; though it should be observed that PUny (v. 19) mentions the Pinaritae as a people in Coelesvria. [L. S.] PINARUS. [Issus.] PINDASUS, a mountain in the soutli of Mysia, a branch of Mount Temnus, stretching towards the Sinus Elaeus, and containing the sources of the river Cetius. (Plin. v. 33.) [L. S.] PINDENISSUS (£<A. Pindenissitae), a town of the Eieuthero-Cilices, situated upon a commanding height of Mt. Amanus, which was taken by Cicero, when he was governor of Cilicia, after a siege of fifty-seven days. (Cic. ad Att. v. 20, ad Fam. ii. 10, XV. 4.) PINDUS (niVSoi, Herod, i. 56, vii. 129; Strab. ix. pp. 428, 430, et alii), a long and lofty range of mountains in Northern Greece, running from north to south about midway between the Ionian and Aegaean seas, and forming the back-bone of the country, like the Apennines of the Italian peninsula. It is in fact a continuation of the same range which issues from the Balkan Mountains, and it takes the name of Pindus where it first intersects the northern boundary of Hellas Proper at the 40th degree of latitude. Pindus forms the boundary between Thessaly and Epeirus. In its northern part it is called Lacmon or Lacmus, and here the five principal rivers of Northern Greece rise, — the Haliacmon, Peneius, Achelous, Arachthus, and Aous. [Lacmon.] To that part of the range S. of Lacmon the name of Cercetium was given. (KfpKiTiov, Steph. B. S. v. TliaKia ; KfpKfTrjCTiov Spos, Ptol. iii. 13. § 19; Liv. xxxii. 14; Plin. iv. 8. s. 15.) Mount Cercetium is probably the main ridge of Khassid ; and one of the principal passes frotn Epeirus into Thessaly lay across this mountain. (Leake, Nortliern Greece, vol. iv. pp. 528, 529.) Still further south, at the 39th degree of latitude, a point in the range of Pindus is called Tymphrestus {Tupifpp7](Tr6^, Strab. ix. p. 433), now Veliikhi; and from it branch off the two chains of Othrys and Oeta, the former running nearly due east, and the latter more towards the south-east. A little S. of Tymphrestus the range of Pindus divides into two branches, and no longer bears the same name. [See Vol. L p. 1012.] PINDUS (JlivBos), one of the towns of the te- trn polls of Doris, situated upon a river of the same
