[Grove's Dict. of Music and Musicians, iii. 761, iv. 797; Lawrence's Sir Arthur Sullivan, Life-story, Letters, and Reminiscences, 1899; Willeby's Masters of English Music, 1893; James D. Brown and S. S. Stratton's British Musical Biography, 1897; Fredk. R. Spark and Joseph Bennett's History of the Leeds Musical Festival, 1892; Musical Times, December 1900 p. 785, January 1901 p. 21, February 1901 p. 99, March 1901 p. 167, April 1901 p. 241; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
SWANBOROUGH, Mrs. ARTHUR (1840–1893), actress. [See Bufton, Eleanor.]
SWANWICK, ANNA (1813–1899), authoress, youngest daughter of John Swanwick and his wife, Hannah Hilditch, was born at Liverpool on 22 June 1813. The Swanwicks were descended from Philip Henry, the seventeenth-century nonconformist divine. Anna was educated chiefly at home, but, wishing to carry on her education beyond the age usual for girls in this country at that time, she went in 1839 to Berlin, where she studied German and Greek, and gained a knowledge of Hebrew. She returned to England in 1843 and commenced translating some of the German dramatists. Her earliest publication, which appeared in 1843, was 'Selections from the Dramas of Goethe and Schiller.' They included Goethe's 'Torquato Tasso' and 'Iphigenia in Tauris,' and Schiller's ' Maid of Orleans.' In 1850 appeared a volume of translations from Goethe containing the first part of 'Faust,' 'Egmont,' and the two plays of the former volume. The translations are in blank verse. In 1878 she published the second part of ' Faust' the two parts with Retsch's illustrations appeared together in one volume the same year. Miss Swanwick's ' Faust' passed through many editions and was included in Bohn's series of translations from foreign classics. Her English version is accurate and spirited, and may be regarded as one of the best in existence.
About 1850 Bunsen advised her to try her hand at translating from the Greek, with the result that in 1865 she published a blank-verse translation of the 'Trilogy' of Æschylus, and in 1873 of the whole of his dramas. The choruses are in rhymed metres. Her translation has passed through many editions and ranks high among English versions. It keeps fairly close to the original.
But Miss Swanwick did not confine herself to literary work. She took a keen interest in many social questions of the day, and especially in that of women's education, and in raising the moral and intellectual tone of the working classes. She was a member of the councils both of Queen's and Bedford Colleges, London, and was for some time president of the latter. She assisted in the founding of Girton College, Cambridge, and Somerville Hall, Oxford, and in extending the King's College lectures to women. To all these institutions she subscribed liberally. She was associated with Anthony John Mundella [q. v. Suppl.] and Sir Joshua Fitch in carrying out the provisions of the will of Mrs. Emily Pfeiffer [q. v,], who left in 1890 large sums of money for the promotion of the higher education of women. She strongly advocated the study of English literature in the universities, and herself lectured privately on the subject to young working men and women.
Miss Swanwick's life was thus divided between literary pursuits and active philanthropy. She never sought publicity, but her example and influence had an important and invigorating effect on women's education and on their position in the community. She signed John Stuart Mill's petition to parliament in 1865 for the political enfranchisement of women. The university of Aberdeen conferred on her the honorary degree of LL.D. She was a Unitarian in religion. Miss Swanwick was the centre of a large circle of distinguished friends, who included Crabb Robinson, Tennyson, Browning, Gladstone, James Martineau, and Sir James Paget, and these, with many others, were frequent visitors at her house. Her marvellous memory made her a delightful talker, and she was full of anecdote in later years about the eminent persons she had known.
She died on 2 Nov. 1899 at Tunbridge Wells, and was buried on the 7th in Highgate cemetery.
Other works by Miss Swanwick are:
- 'Books, our best Friends or our deadliest Foes,' 1886.
- 'An Utopian Dream and how it may be realised,' 1888.
- 'Poets, the Interpreters of their Age,' 1892.
- 'Evolution and the Religion of the Future,' 1894.
[Times, 4 Nov. 1899; private information.]
SYMONS, GEORGE JAMES (1838–1900), meteorologist, was the only child of Joseph Symons by his wife, Georgina Moon, and was born at Queen's Row, Pimlico, on 6 Aug. 1838. His education, begun at St. Peter's collegiate school, Eaton Square, was completed under private tuition at Thornton rectory, Leicestershire. He subsequently passed with distinction through the course at the school of mines, Jermyn
