flat. He was originally designated of Hyndford, but on purchasing the lands of Westeraw took his title from them, until, on succeeding his cousin, Sir John Carmichael of Carmichael [q. v.] he adopted the designation of the older branch of the family. Having in early life been introduced to the Earl of Dunbar at the court of James VI, he was appointed a cupbearer, afterwards carver, and then chamberlain of the principality. He was created a baronet of Nova Scotia on 17 Ju1y 1627, and the following year he subscribed the submission to Charles I. He was appointed sheriff-principal of Lanarkshire on 5 Sept. 1632, and in 1684 lord justice clerk, which office he resigned in 1634, on being made treasurer-depute. He was admitted an ordinary lord of session on 8 March 1639. His presence as treasurer-depute at the prorogation of parliament, by warrant of the king's commissioners, led to the presentation of a remonstrance against the same as illegal. On 13 Nov. he was named one of the commissioners for executing the office of lord high treasurer, and was at the same time appointed treasurer-depute, privy councillor, and lord of session, to be held ad vitam aut culpam. For his services to Charles I during the civil war, especially in lending him various sums of money, he received a patent of Lord Carmichael; but the patent was not made public until 3 Jan. 1651, when it was ratified by Charles II. For his adherence to the engagement, he made a humble submission on 28 Dec. before the presbytery of Lanark, but was nevertheless deprived of his offices by the Acts of Classes on 16 March 1649. That of treasurer-depute was, however, bestowed on his second son, Sir Daniel Carmichael. By Cromwell’s act, in 1651, a fine was imposed on him of 2,000l. In Douglas‘s ‘Peerage’ it is stated erroneously that after the secession of Charles II he was sworn a privy councillor, and reappointed lord justice clerk, that office having been bestowed on Sir John Campbell of Lundy [q. v.] Carmichael died on 29 Nov. 1672 on his ninety-fourth year. By his wife Agnes, sixth daughter of John Wilkie of Foulden, he had three sons and four daughters. His eldest son, Sir William, after serving as one of the gens d'armes of Louis XIII, joined the committee of estates in Scotland, and commanded the Clydesdale regiment against the Marquis of Montrose at the battle of Philiphaugh in 1648. He died before his father in 1657, leaving a son, John [q. v.], who became second Lord Carmichael and first Earl of Hyndford. The first Lord Carmichael had two other sons and four daughters.
[Acts of Parliament of Scotland, vol. v. passim; Haig and Brunton's Senators of the College of Justice, 298-9; Douglas's Scottish Peerage, ii. 754-5; Irving's Upper Ward of Lanarkshire, ii. 17-21.]
CARMICHAEL, JAMES (fl. 1587), grammarian, was a Scotchman who published a Latin grammar at Cambridge in September 1587. He dedicated it to James VI—‘Scotorum regi christianissimo gratiam et pacem à Domino.’ Carmichael's work, ‘Grammatice Latino de Etymologia,’ &c., was from the press of the university printer, Thomas Thomas, M.A., a lexicographer himself, and its full title is given by Ames; it consists of 52 pp., and has some commandatory poems prefixed. There is a copy of it in the Bodleian.
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantab. ii. 22; Ames’s Topogr. Antiq. (Herbert), 1414, l4l8.]
CARMICHAEL, JAMES WILSON (1800–1868), marine painter, was born at Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1800. At about the age of ten or eleven he went to sea. He returned, and was apprenticed to a shipbuilder, who employed him in drawing an designing, a early works are in water colours, but about 1825 he began also to paint in oils. Between 1838 and 1862 he was a frequent exhibitor at the Royal Academy at the British Institute, and at the Suffolk Street Gallery. He made his first public appearance in the farmer year with a picture of ‘Shipping in the Bay of Naples,’ contributed to the exhibition of the Society of British Artists. In 1841 he sent to the Academy a drawing of the ‘Conqueror towing the Africa off the Shoals of Trafalgar,’ and in 1843 two drawings, ‘The Royal Yacht with the Queen on board off Edinburgh,’ and the ‘Arrival of the Royal Squadron.’ In the Water-Colour Collection at South Kensington there is one example of this painter, ‘The Houses of Parliament in course of Erection.’ About 1845, according to Redgrave, he left Newcastle for London. Probably about 1862 (at which date he ceased to exhibit in London) he went to Scarborough, and there died on May 1868. In the north of England his work was highly thought of. There is a large painting by him in the Trinity House, Newcastle, ‘The Heroic Exploit of Admiral Collingwood at the Battle of Trafalgar.’ He appears as an author, having published ‘The Art of Marine Painting in Water Colours,’ 1859, and ‘The Art of Marine Painting in Oil Colours,’ 1864.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists; Cat. Engl. Coll. South Kensington Museum.]
