of the installation of Lord Westmoreland. His portrait by Williams hangs in the picture gallery at Oxford (Nichols, Lit. Anecd. viii. 241; Wood, Antiquities, &c., vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 977). It was engraved by Faber; another portrait by Hudson was engraved by MacArdell; both are in mezzotint (Evans, Cat. of Engraved Portraits, i. 197).
[Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ii. 607.]
KING, WILLIAM (1701–1769), independent minister, was born in Wiltshire on 9 June 1701, and educated at a local school, and afterwards at the university of Utrecht. He passed his trials there, returned to England in 1724, and was at once called by the independent church at Chesham, Buckinghamshire, where he was ordained on 25 April 1725. He removed to London in 1740, and on 14 Feb. in that year became pastor of the independent church in Hare Court, Aldersgate Street, as successor to Samuel Bruce. Shortly afterwards he received from a Scottish university a diploma creating him D.D. On 14 Jan. 1748 he was chosen Merchants' lecturer at Pinners' Hall, where he died on 3 March 1769. He was buried in Bunhill Fields. Besides 192 lectures at Pinners' Hall, of which at his death he was the eldest lecturer, he delivered evening lectures at Silver Street and Lime Street chapels. An oil-portrait of King, which has been engraved by Hopwood, is preserved in the vestry at Hare Court.
[Musgrave's Obituaries; Wilson's Dissenting Churches, iii. 299; Jones's Bunhill Memorials, p. 135; Evans's Cat. of Engraved Portraits, i. 196; Gent. Mag. 1769, p. 168; London Mag. 1769, p. 333; Funeral Sermon by Dr. James Watson, from Isaiah lx. 19.]
KING, WILLIAM (1786–1865), promoter of co-operation, born at Ipswich on 17 April 1786, was the son of the Rev. John King, many years master of the Ipswich grammar school. He was educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, of which he became a fellow. He graduated B.A. in 1809 (as twelfth wrangler), M.A. in 1812, licensed by the university 11 June 1817, and commenced M.D. at Cambridge in 1819. He became a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1820, and delivered the Harveian oration in 1843. He was for a time private tutor of Lord Overstone, who highly esteemed him. In 1823 he settled at Brighton, and became known as a writer on co-operation and social questions. King, who was remarkable for his conversational power, obtained the confidence of Lady Byron. He was her adviser in schemes for improving the condition of the poor upon her estates, and she actively promoted the co-operative system, of which he was a remarkable advocate. From May 1828 to July 1830 he wrote a small monthly periodical, entitled ‘The Co-operator,’ the first which bore that name. No such publication before or since has excelled it in simplicity, persuasiveness, or in grasp of the ethical and economical principles to which the name of ‘co-operation’ was first given. Though each number consisted but of four pages, published at 1d., and issued anonymously, it was the most influential publication of the kind at that time. Lady Byron left 300l. with a view to publishing a selection of King's writings. This has not yet been adequately done.
King died at Brighton on 20 Oct. 1865. He was consulting physician to the Sussex County Hospital (1842–1861), and first president of the Brighton ‘Medical Chirurgical Society.’ Besides the ‘Co-operator,’ he wrote: ‘The Institutions of De Fellenberg,’ 1842; ‘Medical Essays,’ 1850; ‘Address to the Provincial Medical Surgical Society,’ 1851; an ‘Essay on Scrofula,’ in the ‘Medical Gazette;’ and (posthumous) ‘Thoughts on the Teaching of Christ,’ 1872.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. iii. 226; Gent. Mag. 1865, ii. 797; personal knowledge.]
KING, WILLIAM (1809–1886), geologist, was born at Hartlepool, Durham, in April 1809, and became in 1841 curator of the Museum of Natural History at Newcastle-on-Tyne; he was also lecturer on geology in the school of medicine there. In 1849, on the foundation of Queen's College, Galway, he was appointed professor of geology, and organised the formation of the geological museum. In 1870 the Queen's University of Ireland conferred on him its first honorary degree of D.Sc. In 1882 the professorship of natural history was added to King's other duties, but he resigned in 1883. The college nominated him emeritus professor of geology, mineralogy, and natural history, and presented him with a testimonial. King died at Glenoir, Taylor's Hill, Galway, on 24 June 1886, and was buried in the Galway new cemetery. He was married, and left issue. King's chief work was his ‘Monograph of the Permian Fossils,’ published by the Palæontographical Society, London, 1850. He also contributed a large number of papers on geological subjects to various scientific journals; a catalogue will be found in the printed ‘Catalogue of the Library of Queen's College, Galway’ (1877), pp. 403–8. With J. H. Rowney he published ‘An Old Chapter of the Geological Record, with a new Interpretation,’ London, 1881, 8vo.
[Nature, 1 July 1886; private information.]
