at Clapham, near London. He found time to prosecute researches on the palaeontology of the Secondary rocks, particularly in Sussex—a region which he made classical in the history of discovery. While he was still a country doctor at Lewes his eminence as a geological investigator was fully recognized on the publication of his work on The Fossils of the South Downs (1822). His most remarkable discoveries were made in the Wealden formations. He demonstrated the fresh-water origin of the strata, and from them he brought to light and described the remarkable Dinosaurian reptiles known as Iguanodon, Hylaeosaurus, Pelorosaurus and Regnosaurus. For these researches he was awarded the Wollaston medal by the Geological Society and a Royal medal by the Royal Society. He was elected F.R.S. in 1825. Among his other contributions to the literature of palaeontology was his description of the Triassic reptile Telerpeton elginense. Towards the end of his life Dr Mantell retired to London, where he died on the 10th of November 1852. His eldest son, Walter Baldock Durrant Mantell (1820–1895), settled in New Zealand, and there attained high public positions, eventually being secretary for Crown-lands. He obtained remains of the Notornis, a recently extinct bird, and also brought forward evidence to show that the moas were contemporaries of man.
In addition to the works above mentioned Dr Mantell was author of Illustrations of the Geology of Sussex (4to, 1827); Geology of the South-east of England (1833); The Wonders of Geology, 2 vols. (1838; ed. 7, 1857); Geological Excursions round the Isle of Wight, and along the Adjacent Coast of Dorsetshire (1847; ed. 3, 1854); Petrifactions and their Teachings (1851); The Medals of Creation (2 vols., 1854).
MANTES-SUR-SEINE, a town of northern France, capital of
an arrondissement in the department of Seine-et-Oise on the left
bank of the Seine, 34 m. W.N.W. of Paris by rail. Pop. (1906),
8113. The chief building in Mantes is the celebrated church
of Notre-Dame which dates in the main from the end of the 12th
century. A previous edifice was burnt down by William the
Conqueror together with the rest of the town, at the capture of
which he lost his life in 1087; he is said to have bequeathed a
large sum for the rebuilding of the church. The plan, which
bears a marked resemblance to that of Notre-Dame at Paris,
includes a nave, aisles and choir, but no transepts. Three portals
open into the church on the west, the two northernmost, which
date from the 12th century, being decorated with fine carving;
that to the south is of the 14th century and still more ornate.
A fine rose-window and an open gallery, above which rise the
summits of the western towers, occupy the upper part of the
façade. In the interior, chapels dating from the 13th and
14th centuries are of interest. The tower of St Maclou (14th
century), relic of an old church and the hôtel de ville (15th to 17th
centuries), are among the older buildings of the town, and there is
a fountain of the Renaissance period. Modern bridges and a
medieval bridge unite Mantes with the opposite bank of the Seine
on which the town of Limay is built. The town has a sub-prefecture
and a tribunal of first instance. Mantes was occupied
by the English from 1346 to 1364, and from 1416 to 1449.
MANTEUFFEL, EDWIN, Freiherr von (1809–1885), Prussian
general field marshal, son of the president of the superior
court of Magdeburg, was born at Dresden on the 24th of February
1809. He was brought up with his cousin, Otto von Manteuffel
(1805–1882), the Prussian statesman, entered the guard cavalry
at Berlin in 1827, and became an officer in 1828. After attending
the War Academy for two years, and serving successively as
aide-de-camp to General von Müffling and to Prince Albert of
Prussia, he was promoted captain in 1843 and major in 1848,
when he became aide-de-camp to Frederick William IV., whose
confidence he had gained during the revolutionary movement
in Berlin. Promoted lieutenant-colonel in 1852, and colonel to
command the 5th Uhlans in 1853, he was sent on important
diplomatic missions to Vienna and St Petersburg. In 1857 he
became major-general and chief of the military cabinet. He
gave hearty support to the prince regent’s plans for the reorganization
of the army. In 1861 he was violently attacked in a
pamphlet by Karl Twesten (1820–1870), a Liberal leader, whom
he wounded in a duel. He served as lieutenant-general (to
which rank he was promoted on the coronation of William I.,
Oct. 18, 1861) in the Danish war of 1864, and at its conclusion
was appointed civil and military governor of Schleswig. In the
Austrian War of 1866 he first occupied Holstein and afterwards
commanded a division under Vogel von Falkenstein in the
Hanoverian campaign, and succeeded him, in July, in command
of the Army of the Main (see Seven Weeks’ War). His successful
operations ended with the occupation of Würzburg, and
he received the order pour le mérite. He was, however, on
account of his monarchist political views and almost bigoted
Roman Catholicism, regarded by the parliament as a reactionary,
and, unlike the other army commanders, he was not granted
a money reward for his services. He then went on a diplomatic
mission to St Petersburg, where he was persona grata, and succeeded
in gaining Russia’s assent to the new position in north
Germany. On returning he was gazetted to the colonelcy of
the 5th Dragoons. He was appointed to the command of the
IX. (Schleswig-Holstein) army corps in 1866. But having
formerly exercised both civil and military control in the Elbe
duchies he was unwilling to be a purely military commander
under one of his late civil subordinates, and retired from the
army for a year. In 1868, however, he returned to active service.
In the Franco-German War of 1870–71 he commanded the
I. corps under Steinmetz, distinguishing himself in the battle of
Colombey-Neuilly, and in the repulse of Bazaine at Noisseville
(see Franco-German War; and Metz). He succeeded Steinmetz
in October in the command of the I. army, won the battle of
Amiens against General Farre, and occupied Rouen, but was less
fortunate against Faidherbe at Pont Noyelles and Bapaume.
In January 1871 he commanded the newly formed Army of the
South, which he led, in spite of hard frost, through the Côte d’Or
and over the plateau of Langres, cut off Bourbaki’s army of the
east (80,000 men), and, after the action of Pontarlier, compelled
it to cross the Swiss frontier, where it was disarmed. His
immediate reward was the Grand Cross of the order of the Iron
Cross, and at the conclusion of peace he received the Black Eagle.
When the Southern Army was disbanded Manteuffel commanded
first the II. army, and, from June 1871 until 1873, the army of
occupation left in France, showing great tact in a difficult
position. On leaving France at the close of the occupation, the
emperor promoted Manteuffel to the rank of general field marshal
and awarded him a large grant in money, and about the same
time Alexander II. of Russia gave him the order of St Andrew.
After this he was employed on several diplomatic missions, was
for a time governor of Berlin, and in 1879, perhaps, as was commonly
reported, because he was considered by Bismarck as a
formidable rival, he was appointed governor-general of Alsace-Lorraine;
and this office he exercised—more in the spirit, some
said, of a Prussian than of a German official—until his death
at Carlsbad, Bohemia, on the 17th of June 1885.
See lives by v. Collas (Berlin, 1874), and K. H. Keck (Bielefeld and Leipzig, 1890).
MANTINEIA, or Mantinea, an ancient city of Arcadia,
Greece, situated in the long narrow plain running north and
south, which is now called after the chief town Tripolitsa.
Tegea was in the same valley, about 10 m. S. of Mantineia,
and the two cities continually disputed the supremacy of the
district. In every great war we find them ranged on opposite
sides, except when superior force constrained both. The
worship and mysteries of Cora at Mantineia were famous.
The valley in which the city lies has no opening to the coast,
and the water finds its way, often only with much care and
artificial aid, through underground passages (katavothra) to
the sea. It is bounded on the west by Mount Maenalus, on
the east by Mount Artemision.
Mantineia is mentioned in the Homeric catalogue of ships, but in early Greek times existed only as a cluster of villages inhabited by a purely agricultural community. In the 6th century it was still insignificant as compared with the neighbouring city of Tegea, and submitted more readily to Spartan
