|
Governors of Massachusetts | ||
| John Endecott[1] | 1629–1630 | |
| John Winthrop | 1630–1634 | |
| Thomas Dudley | 1634–1635 | |
| John Haynes | 1635–1636 | |
| Henry Vane | 1636–1637 | |
| John Winthrop | 1637–1640 | |
| Thomas Dudley | 1640–1641 | |
| Richard Bellingham | 1641–1642 | |
| John Winthrop | 1642–1644 | |
| John Endecott | 1644–1645 | |
| Thomas Dudley | 1645–1646 | |
| John Winthrop | 1646–1649 | |
| John Endecott | 1649–1651 | |
| Thomas Dudley | 1650–1651 | |
| John Endecott | 1651–1654 | |
| Richard Bellingham | 1654–1655 | |
| John Endecott | 1655–1665 | |
| Richard Bellingham | 1665–1672 | |
| John Leverett (acting, 1672–1673) | 1672–1679 | |
| Simon Bradstreet | 1679–1686 | |
| Sir Edmund Andros | 1686–1689 | |
| Simon Bradstreet | 1689–1692 | |
| Under Second Charter—appointed by the Crown.[2] | ||
| Sir William Phips | 1692–1694 | |
| William Stoughton (acting) | 1694–1699 | |
| Richard Coote, earl of Bellomont | 1699–1700 | |
| William Stoughton (acting) | 1700–1701 | |
| Joseph Dudley | 1702–1715 | |
| William Tailer (acting) | 1715–1716 | |
| Samuel Shute | 1716–1722 | |
| William Dummer (acting) | 1722–1728 | |
| William Burnet | 1728–1729 | |
| William Dummer (acting) | 1729–1730 | |
| William Tailer (acting) | 1730 | |
| Jonathan Belcher | 1730–1741 | |
| William Shirley | 1741–1749 | |
| Spencer Phips (acting) | 1749–1753 | |
| William Shirley | 1753–1756 | |
| Spencer Phips (acting) | 1756–1757 | |
| Thomas Pownal | 1757–1760 | |
| Thomas Hutchinson (acting) | 1760 | |
| Sir Francis Bernard, Bart. | 1760–1769 | |
| Thomas Hutchinson (acting) | 1769–1771 | |
| Thomas Hutchinson | 1771–1774 | |
| Thomas Gage[3] | 1774–1775 | |
| Under the Constitution. | ||
| John Hancock | 1780–1785 | |
| James Bowdoin | 1785–1787 | |
| John Hancock | 1787–1793 | |
| Samuel Adams (acting) | 1793–1794 | |
| Samuel Adams | 1794–1797 | |
| Increase Sumner | Federalist | 1797–1799 |
| Moses Gill (lieut.-governor; acting) | ” | 1799–1800 |
| Caleb Strong | ” | 1800–1807 |
| Jas. Sullivan | Democratic-Republican | 1807–1808 |
| Levi Lincoln (acting) | ” | 1808–1809 |
| Christopher Gore | Federalist | 1809–1810 |
| Elbridge Gerry | Democratic-Republican | 1810–1812 |
| Caleb Strong | Federalist | 1812–1816 |
| John Brooks | ” | 1816–1823 |
| William Eustis | Democratic-Republican | 1823–1825 |
| Levi Lincoln | ” | 1825–1834 |
| John Davis | Whig | 1834–1835 |
| Edward Everett | ” | 1836–1840 |
| Marcus Morton | Democrat | 1840–1841 |
| John Davis | Whig | 1841–1843 |
| Marcus Morton | Democrat | 1843–1844 |
| George N. Briggs | Whig | 1844–1851 |
| George S. Boutwell | Free-Soil Democrat | 1851–1853 |
| John H. Clifford | Whig | 1853–1854 |
| Emory Washburn | ” | 1854–1855 |
| Henry J. Gardner | Know-Nothing | 1855–1858 |
| Nathaniel P. Banks | Republican | 1858–1861 |
| John A. Andrew | Republican | 1861–1866 |
| Alexander H. Bullock | ” | 1866–1869 |
| William Claflin | ” | 1869–1872 |
| William B. Washburn | ” | 1872–1874 |
| Thomas Talbot (acting) | ” | 1874–1875 |
| William Gaston | Democrat | 1875–1876 |
| Alexander H. Rice | Republican | 1876–1879 |
| Thomas Talbot | ” | 1879–1880 |
| John Davis Long | ” | 1880–1883 |
| Benjamin F. Butler | Democrat | 1883–1884 |
| George D. Robinson | Republican | 1884–1887 |
| Oliver Ames | ” | 1887–1890 |
| John Q. A. Brackett | ” | 1890–1891 |
| William E. Russell | Democrat | 1891–1894 |
| Frederic T. Greenhalge | Republican | 1894–1896 |
| Roger Wolcott | ” | 1896–1897 |
| Roger Wolcott | ” | 1897–1900 |
| W. Murray Crane | ” | 1900–1903 |
| John L. Bates | ” | 1903–1905 |
| William L. Douglas | Democrat | 1905–1906 |
| Curtis L. Guild | Republican | 1906–1909 |
| Eben S. Draper | ” | 1909–1911 |
| Eugene N. Foss | Democrat | 1911– |
Bibliography.—For Topography: W. M. Davis, Physical Geography of Southern New England (New York, 1895), and for the western counties, R. D. Mallary, Lenox and the Berkshire Highlands (New York-London, 1902); also Inland Massachusetts, Illustrated . . . (Springfield, 1890); C. F. Warner, Picturesque Berkshire (also Franklin, Hampden, Hampshire, Northampton, 1890–1893); U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 116, H. Gannett, “Geographic Dictionary of Massachusetts.” On Minerals: U.S. Census, 1900, and U.S. Geological Survey, annual volume on Mineral Resources. On Agriculture: U.S. Census and reports of Mass. Census (alternating with Federal census), and reports and bulletins of the Board of Agriculture (1852) and the Agricultural College (1867), and Experiment Station (1883) at Amherst. On Manufactures, &c.: See Reports of state and Federal censuses; also Annual Reports (1869) of the state Bureau of Statistics of Labor, which contain a wealth of valuable material (e.g. 1903, “Race in Industry”; 1902, “Sex in Industry”; 1885, “Wages and Prices, 1752–1863,” &c.); W. R. Bagnall, The Textile Industries of the United States (vol. i., 1639–1810, Cambridge, 1893); J. L. Hayes, “American Textile Machinery: its Early History, &c.” (Cambridge, 1870; Bulletin of National Association of Wool Manufacturers), and literature therein referred to. On Commerce and Communications: U.S. Census, 1902 (vol. on “Electric Railways”); U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, annual Statistics of Railways; publications of the State Board of Trade; W. Hill on “First Stages of the Tariff Policy of the United States” in American Economic Association Publications, vol. viii., no. 6 (1893). On Population: Census reports, state and Federal, publications of Bureau of Statistics of Labor, Board of Health (1869–; the Annual Report of 1896 contains an exhaustive analysis of vital statistics, 1856–1895); Board of Charity (1878– ), &c. On Administration: G. H. Haynes, Representation and Suffrage in Massachusetts, 1620–1691, in Johns Hopkins University, Studies in History, xii.; Manual for the General Court (Annual); R. H. Whitten, Public Administration in Massachusetts, in Columbia University, Studies in History, vol. viii. (1898); H. R. Spencer, Constitutional Conflict in Provincial Massachusetts (Columbus, O., 1905); and the annual Public Documents of Massachusetts, embracing the reports of all state officers and institutions. On Taxation: See especially the official “Report of the Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Expediency of Revising and Amending the Laws ... Relating to Taxation” (1897), and vol. xi. of the Report of the United States Industrial Commission (Wash., 1901); H. G. Friedman, The Taxation of Corporations in Massachusetts (New York, 1907); and C. J. Bullock, Historical Sketch of the Finances and Financial Policy of Massachusetts (1907). On Education: See Annual Reports of the United States Commissioner of Education; G. G. Bush, History of Higher Education in Massachusetts (Washington, U.S. Bureau of Education, 1891); article on Harvard University. On History: Elaborate bibliography is given in J. Winsor’s Narrative and Critical History of America and in his Memorial History of Boston. The colonial historical classics are William Bradford, History of Plimoth Plantation (pub. by the commonwealth, 1898; also edited by Charles Deane, in Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1856, series 4, vol. iii.); J. Winthrop, History of New England 1630–1649, edited by J. Savage (Boston, 2 vols. 1825–1826, new ed., 1853); S. E. Sewall, Diary, 1674–1729 (3 vols., Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, series 5, vols. v.–vii., 1878–1882), a fascinating and microscopic picture of colonial life; T. Hutchinson, History of . . . Massachusetts (3 vols., respectively Boston, 1764, 1767, London, 1828); also the very valuable Hutchinson Papers (2 vols., Prince Society, Boston, 1865). For the period 1662–1666, when Massachusetts was investigated by royal commissioners, see Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, series 2, vol. viii., 1819; on the Andros period, 1689–1691, see the Andros Tracts (3 vols., Prince Society Publications, v.–vii., Boston, 1868–1874), ed. by J. H. Whitmore. The one-time-standard
- ↑ Endecott, by commission dated the 30th of April 1629, was made “governor of London’s plantation in the Massachusetts Bay.” Matthew Cradock, first governor of the Company, from the 4th of March 1629 to the 20th of October 1629, was succeeded on the latter date by John Winthrop, who, on reaching Salem on the 12th of June 1630 with the charter, superseded Endecott.
- ↑ During three periods, 1701–1702, in February 1715, and from April to August 1757 the affairs of the colony were administered by the Executive Council.
- ↑ General Gage was military governor, Hutchinson remaining nominally civil governor.
