of war in western Europe to the Aegean, and so the struggle for the Straits ended in mortifying discomfiture for the Allies. (C. E. C.)
DARLING, SIR CHARLES JOHN (1840–), English judge, was born at Colchester Dec. 6 1849. He was educated privately, and in 1874 was called to the bar. He became a Q.C. in 1885, in 1888 successfully contested Deptford in the Conservative interest, and in 1892 became a bencher of the Inner
Temple. He was raised to the bench and knighted in 1897.
He has published some volumes of light verse, including Scin-
tillae Juris (1877). In 1917 he was made a Privy Councillor.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE, Hanover, N.H., U.S.A. (see 7.838), in the period between 1908 and 1921 experienced a great expansion
in its plant, endowment and enrolment. Its educational plant
in the latter year included 21 buildings devoted to lecture and
recitation rooms, laboratories, and administration and similar
purposes.
Of these, the extensive alumni gymnasium was erected in 1910, to which was added the Spaulding swimming pool in 1920; the Parkhurst administration building was erected in 1910; Robinson Hall, the home of all undergraduate organizations except athletic, in 1914; and a large chemical laboratory in 19201. The plant also included 18 dormitories, of which five were added after 1908, the latest in 1920, capable in all of housing 1,100 students. The value of the plant was over $2,000,000.
In addition to the educational plant the college had 20 single or apartment houses for the use of its faculty. Its productive invest- ment assets nearly doubled in the 1 2-year period, approximating $5,500,000. In 1920–1 it had 150 officers of administration and instruction, and there were 1,875 enrolled students, of whom 54 were in post-graduate courses. The tuition fee was $250 a year. The constituency of the college, formerly mainly in New England, ex- tended to the whole country. In 1910 62 % of the freshmen came from New England. One of the effective influences leading to expansion was the Outing Club, the first college club of its kind, which was open to both faculty and students and had as its object the stimulation of healthful outdoor activities. It owned a chain of seven cabins, extending over 75 m. from Hanover to the White mountains and equipped for the accommodation of its members on their excursions into the country and among the mountains. Its winter activities culminated in a carnival of sports.
Like other American colleges, Dartmouth was greatly affected by the World War. Even before the entrance of the United States, many of its students had joined the Allied armies or served in the ambulance corps in France, and in Feb. 1916 a battalion of 218 men in two companies was formed for military drill. In March 1917, the great majority of the students was enrolled for military training, and in the following fall military training was required of the freshmen. After the United States entered the war, the college became practically a camp, for all able-bodied students between 18 and 21 years of age were inducted into the Students' Army Training Corps and trained under military regulations, and those under 18 were enrolled in the corps, although remaining under college authority. There were also vocational sections of about 550 men who came to the college from outside for instruction in carpentry, cement work, truck driving and repairing, and radio work. All military training came to an end in Dec. following the Armistice, and the college reverted to its former status. In consequence of the war the enrolment fell from more than 1,50010 761, of whom only 110 were not under military training. Many members of the faculty engaged in war service in the United States or in France, either under the Government or in the organizations supplementary to the military. The total number of undergraduates (from the six classes 1917 to 1922) who entered the war or served in the S.A.T.C. was 1,817 an d of the faculty 73. The total number of Dartmouth men, graduates, undergraduates, and faculty, who served in the army, navy or marine corps was 2,603, ' n the auxiliary service 752. (E. M. Ho.)
DARWIN, SIR GEORGE HOWARD (1845-1912), English
astronomer, was born at Down, Kent, July 9 1845. The second son of Charles Darwin (see 7.840), he was second wrangler
and Smith's prizeman at Cambridge, and was elected to the
professorship of astronomy and experimental philosophy at his
university in 1883. His principal work was on the subject of
tides, on which he became the leading authority, and on other
physical questions connected with the relation of the earth and
moon ; the article Tide in the E.B. (see 26.938 el seq.) represented
his matured researches on his special subject. He was made
K.C.B. in 1905 and died at Cambridge Dec. 7 1912.
DATO, EDUARDO (1856-1921), Spanish politician, was born at Corunna Aug. 12 1856. He graduated in law at the university of Madrid and was elected a deputy in 1884. An under-secretary for the Home Department in 1892, he became minister for the department in 1899, and distinguished himself in the study of social legislation, the fruits of which were special
bills regarding accidents, insurance, and women's labour. In Dec. 1902 he became Minister of Justice, in 1907 mayor of
Madrid, then president of the Chamber. He was elected a
member of the Royal Academy of Social and Moral Sciences,
June 20 1905. When in 1913 Senor Maura refused to take
power except on conditions unacceptable to the King, Senor
Dato, thinking that the' Conservative party could not refuse
to serve the Crown at a difficult moment, dissented from
his chief, carrying with him the majority of his party, which
elected him as its leader. He was still in office (1913-5)
when the World War broke out, and was responsible for Spain's
declaration of neutrality. He adhered firmly to that policy.
Becoming prime minister again in 1917, he faced the great crisis
of that summer. In 1920 he resumed office, and it was while
prime minister that he was murdered in Madrid March 8 1921.
Senor Dato had great social charm, persuasive talent and an
unswerving will under flexible appearances.
DAUDET, LEON (1867- ), French writer, son of Alphonse Daudet (see 7.848), was born in Paris Nov. 16 1867. He
was educated at the lycee Louis le Grand, and afterwards
studied medicine, a profession which he abandoned in 1894 for
that of literature. He wrote many short stories and novels, and
has also contributed to the Figaro, Gaulois and Libre Parole.
He is an ardent royalist in politics, and was one of the group
which in 1908 founded the royalist organ L' Action Franfaise.
He published in 1898 a Life of his father, and among his
other works may be mentioned Les Morticoles (1894); Les Deux
Etreintes (1901); La Decheance (1904); Les Primaires (1906);
La Lutte (1907) and L'Avant Guerre (1913). He produced various
essays on the World War, and his latest novels include La Ver-
mine du Monde (1916); Le Bonheur d'etre Riche (1917); Le
Cceur et I' Absence (1917) and Dans la Lumiere (1919).
See R. Guillou, Leon Daudet (1918).
DAUMET, PIERRE JEROME HONORÉ (1826-1911), French
architect, was born in Paris Oct. 23 1826. He entered the École des Beaux-Arts in 1845, and was awarded the Grand Prix de Rome in 1855. In 1861 he was attached to the important exploratory expedition and mission in Macedonia, and was commissioned to draw up the report. In the following year he was appointed inspector of works for the then recently created Prefecture of Police, and was later acting architect to the Palais de Justice, succeeding in 1876 Viollet-le-Duc as architect-in-chief. This fine building may be regarded as one of the great and lasting monuments of his career. During the next few years Daumet's talents and artistic equipment, especially in matters of archaeological interest and research, received recognition from the French Government in his appointment to many official positions, culminating in his vice-presidentship of the Commission des Monuments Historiques. His brother-artists distinguished him by electing him vice-president of the Societe des Artistes Francais, and president of the Societe des Architectes Francais. In 1885 he was elected a member of the Academic des Beaux-Arts, and in the following year an hon. corresponding member of the Royal Institute of British Architects, who further awarded him their gold medal in 1908. One of the highest expressions of his genius was his restoration of Chantilly in close collaboration with the Duc d’Aumale, who later (in 1897) bequeathed it to the French nation, as represented by the Institut de France. Among Daumet's many architectural works may be noted the following:— The Palais des Facultes and the Palais de Justice at Grenoble, the Ecce Homo chapel at Jerusalem, the pension and chapel of the Dames de Sion in Paris and Tunjs, his early work at the Asile des Alienes of Ste. Anne, and the Palais de Justice, Paris, already mentioned. His literary work, besides his important account of the archaeological mission to Macedonia, includes a book on the Chateau le St. Germain and its restoration for which he was responsible. His
