April 25 1898 and was released July 24 1901. It was probably while in prison that he first adopted the pen name of O. Henry. Many of his stories, written there, were mailed to New Orleans and thence redirected to the publishers. In 1902 he settled in New York, and sent forth a constant stream of stories, which became extraordinarily popular. They are characterized by a gorgeousness of imagination, recalling The Arabian Nights so familiar to him; but the constant striving for effect and the excessive use of slang led many to see in them a degeneration into " literary vaudeville." He is perhaps at his best when describing the endlessly varied types presented by the mass of humanity in New York City. He died in New York June 5 1910.
His own natural reticence concerning his life gave rise to many myths. His stories were issued under the following titles: Cabbages and Kings (1905) ; The Four Million (1906) ; The Trimmed Lamp (1907) ; Heart of the West (1907) ; The Gentle Grafter (1908) ; The Voice of the City (1908); Roads of Destiny (1909); Options (1909); Whirligigs (1910); Strictly Business (1910); The Two Women (1910); Let Me Feel Your Pulse (1910, his last completed story); Sixes and Sevens (1911); Rolling Stones (1912) and Waifs and Strays (1917).
See C. Alphonso Smith, O. Henry (1916).
HENRY, VICTOR (1850-1907), French philologist (see 13.301), died at Sceaux, near Paris, Feb. 1907.
HENSCHEL, SIR GEORGE (1850- ), English musician (see 13.302), from 1905-8 taught at the Institute of Musical Art, N.Y. He was knighted in 1914. A Mass in eight parts a cappella was first sung in 1916. In 1907 he published Personal Recollections of Brahms and 12 years later Musings and Memories of a Musician. Henschel's very highly developed sense of interpretation and style made him an ideal concert singer, while he was no less distinguished as accompanist.
HENSON, HERBERT HENSLEY (1863- ), English divine, was born in London Nov. 8 1863. As an unattached student at Oxford he graduated with a first class in modern history in 1884, and was elected a fellow of All Souls College. He was ordained in 1887, and after being head of Oxford House at Bethnal Green for a year he was given the living of Barking, Essex. He was incumbent of St. Mary's hospital, Ilford, 1895-1900, canon of Westminster and rector of St. Margaret's 1900-12, and dean of Durham 1912-8, when he was promoted to the bishopric of Hereford in succession to Dr. Percival. He had become B.D. in 1898 and successively hon. D.D. of Glasgow, Durham and Ox- ford, and was for some time hon. professor of modern history at Durham University. Owing to his pronounced liberal opinions in theology, notably as to the Virgin birth, and to his insistence on the validity of Nonconformist orders, highly objectionable to the Anglo-Catholic school in the Church, his elevation to the bench of bishops aroused much controversy, and a number of the clergy of the diocese united in a public protest. The election, however, went forward in face of opposition, which soon sub- sided. In 1920, he was translated to the bishopric of Durham.
Amongst his published works may be mentioned Light and Leaven (1897); Cui bono, an open letter to Lord Halifax (1899); War-time Sermons (1915) and Christian Liberty (1918).
HERBERTSON, ANDREW JOHN (1865-1915), British geog- rapher, was born at Galashiels Oct. n 1865, and educated at Galashiels Academy and Edinburgh Institution. He served for some time with a firm of surveyors in Edinburgh, but later entered Edinburgh University, where he was engaged in research work under Prof. Tait. He subsequently carried out investigations on hygrometry at the Ben Nevis observatory. In 1894 he was ap- pointed lecturer in Geography at Owens College, Manchester; in 1896 lecturer at the Heriot-Watt College, Edinburgh, and in 1899 assistant to the reader in geography at Oxford. He became reader in geography in 1905 and in 1910 received the title of professor. The same year he was president of the geographical section of the British Association. He edited, with Dr. Buchan, the volume on meteorology for Bartholomew's Physical Alias (1899) and, with O. J. R. Howarth, a Survey of the British Em- pire (1914). His paper on Climatic Regions of the Globe attracted much attention, and his numerous text-books on geographical subjects and the leading part he took in the foundation and development of the Geographical Association enabled him to exert a powerful influence on the improvement of the teaching of geography. He died at Chinnor, near Oxford, July 31 1915.
HERKOMER, SIR HUBERT VON (1840-1914), British painter (see 13. 364), died at Budleigh Salterton, Devon, March 31 1914.
HERMANT, ABEL (1862- ), French author and dramatist, was born in Paris, Feb. 3 1862. He was educated in Paris, and afterwards entered the literary profession, being in 1902 made president of the Societe des Gens de Lettres.
His works include Monsieur Rabosson (1884); Amour de T2te (1890) and Le Frisson de Paris (1895), besides various amusing dialogues, such as Scenes de la Vie des Cours et des Ambassades, comprenant La Carriere, Le Sceptre et Le Char de I'Etat (1900). His plays include La Meute (1896); Syhie, ou la Curieuse d Amour (1900); La Belle Madame Heber (1905) ; Les Jacobines (1907) and La Semaine Folle (1913). He produced a series of novels, Memoires pour servir & I'histoire de la Societe, including Coeurs privileges (1903) ; La Con- fession d'un homme d'aujourd'hui (1904); Les Afranchis (1908); Histoire d'un Fils de Roi (1911) and L'Aube ardente (1919). He also published various books on the war, including Heures de guerre de la famitte Valadier (1915) and Histoires de man ami Jean (1917).
HERRICK, ROBERT (1868- ), American author, was born in Cambridge, Mass., April 26 1868. He was educated at the Cambridge Latin school and at Harvard University (A.B. 1890). He was appointed instructor in rhetoric at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1890 and three years later accepted a similar position at the university of Chicago. At the latter place, passing through the various stages of promotion, he became pro- fessor of English in 1905. His novels and short stories deal with the complicated problems of modern life in realistic fashion. They include The Man Who Wins (1895); Literary Love Letters and Other Stories (1897); Love's Dilemmas (1898); The Gospel of Freedom (1898) ; The Web of Life (1900); The Real World (1901) ; Their Child (1903) ; The Common Lot (1904) ; The Memoirs of an American Citizen (1905); The Master of the Inn (1908); To- gether (1908); A Life for a Life (1910); The Healer (1911); One Woman's Life (1913); His Great Adventure (1913); Clark's Field (1914); The World Decision (1916) and The Conscript Mother (1916). He was also the author of Composition and Rhetoric (1899, with L. T. Damon). He was made a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters.
HERTLING, GEORG, COUNT VON (1843-1919), German statesman, was born Aug. 31 1843 at Darmstadt. In 1882 he became professor of philosophy in the university of Munich, and during his tenure of this chair he published books on Aristotle (1871) and on Albertus Magnus (1880). From 1875 to 1890, and again from 1893 to 1912, he was a member of the Reichstag, and after 1909 led for a time the Centre (Catholic) party in that Assembly. The Regent of Bavaria made him in 1891 a life member of the Upper House of the Bavarian Diet. In 1912 he was appointed Bavarian Minister-President and Minister for Foreign Affairs. King Ludwig IH.elevated him to the rank of Count. He had been urged by the Emperor to accept the Chancellorship when Bethmann Hollweg resigned in July 1917, but declined on the ground that he saw no prospect of being able to work in harmony with the higher military command. When Michaelis was got rid of in Oct. 1917 he yielded to pressure which was put upon him, and, although 74 years of age and in a precarious state of health, assumed the burden of the Chancellorship, which he sustained for the ensuing 1 2 months. The encroachments of the military authorities, particularly Ludendorff, upon the political conduct of the empire became even more serious during Hertling's Chancellorship than they had been during that of Bethmann Hollweg. Hertling's son, an officer who was attached to him as aide-de-camp, has, in a book possessing both political interest and real literary merit, Ein Jahr in der Reichskanzlei (1919), given an account of the difficulties which the Chancellor experienced in his dealings with the Emperor and with Ludendorff. It fell to Hertling's lot, moreover, to endeavour to persuade the reactionary Prussian Chamber and the Prussian Herrenhaus to pass the bill which, in fulfilment of the Emperor's belated proclamations, had been introduced for the equalization of the Prussian franchise. In this he failed, although upon one occasion he had gone so far as to warn the Upper House that the question was one which concerned " the existence of the dynasty."
