radical, and 人 jen man, and is explained as to seize the man ahead, hence to come up to. Here = and.
Lao see line 24.
Chuang is composed of 艸 ts'ao vegetation as radical, and 壯 chuang strong as phonetic. (The latter, composed of 士 shih a soldier as its old radical, with 爿 ch'iang or ch'uang a bedstead as phonetic, was the original character.) It is here the surname of a philosopher of the 4th cent. B.C., who wrote on the teachings of Lao Tzŭ.
175. | 經 | 子 | 通 | When the Classics and the Philosophers are mastered, | |
Ching1 | tzŭ3 | t'ung1 | |||
Classic | philosopher | pierce |
Ching see title and line 167.
Tzŭ see line 11.
T'ung see line 131.
176. | 讀 | 諸 | 史 | the various histories should be read, | |
Tu2 | chu1 | shih3 | |||
Read | all | historian |
Tu see line 134.
Chu is composed of 言 yen words and 者 chê (line 49). It is not necessary always to translate it rigorously; sometimes it is a mere sign of the plural. It also has various prepositional values, such as at, on, in, to, etc.
Shih was composed, under its old form, of 又 yu hand (line 18) grasping 中 chung the middle (line 64), sc. impartiality. It is defined as one who records events, and was applied in early ages to the Grand Astrologer of the Court.