top of the Megamendong pass there was a little virgin forest left, but where Wallace stayed is now all cleared and cultivated. About five miles beyond the pass we came to a place called Sindanglaya at 3,800 feet. Here is a well-appointed modem hotel in a delightful climate, where, if time had allowed, I should like to have stayed some days.
The next morning I started in a chair, carried by six coolies, to visit Tchibodas, where there is an establishment in connection with the Buiten- zorg garden, and where many exotic trees and plants, requiring a cooler temperature, are grown. Before reaching the bungalow, which is at 4,500 feet, we passed through an avenue of Araucaria Bidwilli about thirty-five years old, and averaging 70 feet by 5 feet. At the house we found Mr. Wygman, who has been forty years in Java, and who was good enough to show us the tract of virgin forest which begins behind his house and extends up the slope of the mountain to about 7,500 feet. This is probably the best place in which to study the virgin forest of Java, as there are good paths kept up through it and many of the trees are named.
The forest reminded me a good deal of the lower slopes of the Himalaya in Sikkim, but with fewer bamboos, fewer orchids and more large-leaved Alpinias and other Scitaminous plants. The trees were only moderate in size, the largest that I saw being “ Ramasala," Altingia excelsa, which was about 140 feet by 33 feet, with a smooth white buttressed trunk and the upper branches covered with pendant lichen.
Quercus induta, with very large acorns, and Michelia montana were also fine trees. In one place I saw the red-flowered Rhododendron javanicum growing high up as an epiphyte on the branches of Podocarpus cupressina, a very fine tree 140 feet by 15 feet, without a branch for half its height. Acer niveum, a moderate-sized tree, and Cedrela febrifuga were noted, as well as a curious fig, Ficus Ribes, whose small currant-like fruits arc used by the natives as a febrifuge. I noticed no palms except Rattan, but some of the more open slopes, which had been partly cleared, were covered with a beautiful tree-fern, Alsophila contaminans, which I measured 50 feet by 2 feet 9 inches; and this, according to Mr. Wygman, is the extreme height attained by tree-ferns here. Besides those mentioned I probably saw fifty or sixty other species of native timber trees in this walk of two or three miles, and also caught a few butterflies, but birds seemed scarce and silent.
In the park round the house at Tchibodas there are many exotic trees, A plantation of Eucalyptus saligna, thirty years old, averaged 140 by 9J feet. I noticed Pilocarpus pinnatifolius, an American plant pro¬ ducing the drug known as “folia Jaborandi,” Cestrum aurantiacum from Chile has become naturalised, but a plantation of Japanese camphor trees was not flourishing—I imagine because it is too far south.
Among the exotic conifers raised from seeds sent from Italy, the Cypresses were most flourishing. An Italian Cypress, C. sempervirens, only twenty- three years old, was 62 feet high with full-sized cones in abundance.
Cupressus lusitanica, a species named C. Benthamii and another with very pendulous branches which is probably C. Kashmiriana, as well as Araucaria Cookii, were all growing fast, but Cunninghamia sinensis looked
