Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 5.djvu/750

1568. Seizure and imprisonment of Don Carlos by his father, Philip II., January. The Inquisition condemns the inhabitants of the Netherlands to death, February 16. Edict of Longjumeau, March 23. Revolt of Moors in Spain, April. Battle of Langside, May 13. Flight of Mary to England. Louis of Nassau defeats the Spaniards at Heyligerlee, May 23. Execution of Egmont and Horn, June 5. Death of Don Carlos, July. Eric XIV. of Sweden deposed, September 30. The English College at Douai founded. Party of the Politiques formed in France. Birth of Campanella (died, 1639).
1569. Battle of Jarnac, Condé killed, March 13. Tuscany erected into a grand duchy, September 1. Coligny proscribed by parliament of Paris, September 13. Battle of Moncontour, October 3. Revolt of Catholic earls in England, November. De Reyna's Spanish Bible published.
1570. Assassination of the Regent Murray, January 23. Excommunication of Queen Elizabeth by Pius V., February 25. Invasion of Cyprus by the Turks, July. Peace of St Germain, August 8. Marriage of Charles IX. with Elizabeth of Austria, November 26. Great inundations in Holland. Conquest of Yemen by Selim II. Ascham's Scholemaster published.
1571. Severe laws against the Catholics in England. The Regent Lennox killed, September 4. Regency of Mar. Holy League against Turks, formed by the Pope, the King of Spain, and Venice. Victory of Don John of Austria over the Turks at Lepanto, October 7. Universities of Oxford and Cambridge incorporated. Jesus College, Oxford, founded. Birth of Kepler (died, 1630). Harrow School founded.
1572. Seizure of Briel by the Confederates, spring. Gregory XIII. pope, May 13. Execution of the duke of Norfolk, June 2. Death of Jeanne d'Albret, June 10. William of Orange declared Stadtholder, July 15. Death of Sigismund II. of Poland, July. Marriage of Henry of Navarre and Margaret of Valois, August 18. Massacre of St Bartholomew, August 24 seq.; Coligny killed. Death of John Knox, November 24. Siege of Haarlem by Spaniards, December 9. Conquest of Guzerat by Akbar (1572–74).
1573. Siege of La Rochelle by duke of Anjou, February. Death of De I'Hôpital, March 13. Duke of Anjou elected king of Poland, May. Treaty with the Huguenots of Rochelle, &c., June 24. Edict of toleration issued by Charles IX. July. Surrender of Haarlem, July 12. Siege of Alkmaar by Spaniards, August; raised, October 8. Siege of Leyden, October 31. Earl of Morton regent of Scotland, November. Alva recalled, Requesens governor of the Netherlands, December. Birth of Donne (died 1631). Birth of Inigo Jones, (died, 1652). First English translation of Euclid published.
1574. Henry III. king of France. May 30. Expedition of Sebastian king of Portugal against the Moors in Africa. Siege of Leyden raised, October 3. Amurath III. sultan, December. Birth of Ben Jonson (died, 1637.)
1575. Stephen Bathori, elected king of Poland, December. Conquest of Bengal and Behar by Akbar. Birth of Guido (died, 1642). University of Leyden founded by Prince of Orange.
1576. The League, in France, organized, February. Death of Requesens, March 5. La Paix de Monsieur, in favour of the Huguenots, May 14. Rudolph II. emperor, October 12. Sack of Antwerp, November. Pacification of Ghent, November 8. Don John, governor of the Netherlands, November. Henry III. joins the League, December. The plague at Milan. Frobisher's Strait discovered. Birth of John Fletcher (died, 1625). Birth of Robert Burton (died, 1639). The dipping needle invented by Robert Norman.
1577. The Union of Brussels, January. The Perpetual Edict published by Don John, March 12; confirmed by Philip II., April 7. Peace of Bergerac (or Poitiers), September. Insurrection at Ghent, autumn. Deposition of Don John, December 7. New Union of Brussels, December 10. Drake sails on voyage round the world, December 13. Birth of Rubens (died, 1640).
1578. Treaty between Queen Elizabeth and the Dutch, January 7. Battle of Gemblours, January 31. Battle of Rymenants, August 1. Sebastian of Portugal defeated and killed by the Moors, at Alcazarquivir, August 4. Death of Don John, October 1. Alexander Farnese, duke of Parma, governor of the Netherlands, October. Lyly's Euphues published. The English State Paper Office founded. Order of the Holy Ghost instituted by Henry III. of France. Birth of William Harvey (died, 1657).
1579. Union of Utrecht, basis of the Dutch Republic, proclaimed, January 29. Treaty of Nerac, between Catherine de’ Medici and the king of Navarre, February 28. Treaty between the Walloon provinces and Farnese, May 17. Siege of Maastricht by Spaniards, March to June 29. A body of Spaniards invade Kerry, and occupy Smerwick, July. Socinus preaches in Poland. Protestantism proscribed in Austria
1580. Birth of Archbishop Ussher (died, 1656). William of Orange put under the ban by Philip, June. Battle of Alcantara, August 25. Portugal annexed to Spain, and Philip proclaimed king, September 2. Duke of Anjou made stadtholder of the Netherlands, September 19. Massacre of Smerwick, November 11. Return of Drake. Revolt of the Desmonds in Ireland. Formula of Concord published by the elector of Saxony. Rise of the Brownists in England. Montaigne's Essais published.
1581. Execution of the Regent Morton, June 3. Declaration of Independence by the United Provinces, July 26. Siege of Cambrai by Spaniards; raised by Anjou, August. Execution of Campian, December 1. Birth of Domenichino (died, 1641). Birth of Lord Herbert of Cherbury (died, 1648). Turkey Company, of London, incorporated
1582. Reformation of the Calendar (New Style) introduced by Gregory XIII., February 24, The raid of Ruthven, August. University of Edinburgh founded. Death of St Theresa.
1583. Attempt of Anjou to seize Antwerp, January 17. Birth of Grotius (died, 1645). Birth of Wallenstein.
1584. Death of Anjou, June 10. Assassination of the Prince of Orange, at Delft, July 10. His son Maurice elected stadtholder. Siege of Antwerp by the duke of Parma, July. Treaty between the League and Philip II., December. Discovery and colonization of Virginia. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, founded. Birth of Selden (died, 1654). Birth of Massinger (died, 1640).
1585. Sextus V. pope, April 24. Edict of Nemours, July 7. Queen Elizabeth accepts protectorate of the Netherlands, July. Barneveldt appointed advocate-general of Holland and West Friesland. Expedition of Drake against Spanish West Indies. Capitulation of Antwerp, August 17. War of the three Henries, in France. English army under Leicester sent to Netherlands, December. Abbas the Great shah of Persia. Birth of Richelieu. Birth of Beaumont (died, 1616). Birth of Drummond of Hawthornden (died, 1649).
1586. Babyngton's plot against Queen Elizabeth, September. Battle of Zutphen, September 22; Sir Philip Sidney wounded; he dies, October 7. Trial of Mary, queen of Scots, October 11. Shakespeare in London. Camden's Britannia published. The Escorial completed by Philip II.
1587. Mary, queen of Scots, beheaded, February 8. Expedition of Drake to Cadiz, April. Sluys capitulates to Spaniards, August 4. German invasion of France, July. Battle of Coutras, October 20. Davis's Straits discovered. Persecution of Christians in Japan (again 1590 and 1597).
1588. Guise enters Paris, May 9. Day of the Barricades, May 12. The “Invincible Armada” sails from Lisbon, June 1; defeated and dispersed, July and August. Edict of Union between the League and Henry III., July 21. States-General at Blois, October 10. Assassination of Guise, December 23; of Cardinal of Guise, December 24. Birth of Hobbes (died, 1679). Annales Ecclesiastici of Baronius (1588–1607). The Rialto, Venice, built. Death of Paolo Veronese.
1589. Death of Catherine de’ Medici, January 5. Mayenne, head of the League, enters Paris, February 12, and is named lieutenant-general of the kingdom. Alliance of Henry III. with the Huguenots, April. Expedition of Drake and Norris to Portugal, April to June. Siege of Paris by the two Henries, July. Assassination of Henry III., August 1. Henry IV. of Navarre king of France. Battle of Arques, September 21. Paris attacked by Henry IV., October 31–November 1. James VI. of Scotland marries Anne of Denmark, November 24. Patriarchate of Moscow established.
1590. Battle of Ivry, March 14. Breda recovered by Prince Maurice, March. Siege of Paris by Henry IV. May 7; raised by Parma, September 9. Urban VII. pope, September 15; thirteen days. Gregory XIV. pope, December 5. Spenser's Faerie Queene appears. First treatise on Decimal Fractions, by Stevinus. Sidney's Arcadia.
1591. Spanish garrison in Paris, February 12. Henry IV. condemned by the Pope, March 1. Capture of Deventer and Zutphen by Maurice, May, June. Innocent X. pope, October 29; dies, December 30. Siege of Rouen begun by Henry IV., November. Aragonese liberties suppressed, November. Trinity College, Dublin, incorporated. Earthquakes in the Azores lasting twelve days.
1592. Clement VIII. pope, January 20. Rouen relieved by Parma, April. Death of Parma, December 3. The Falkland Islands sighted by Davies. Presbyterianism established in Scotland.
1593. Severe acts against Puritans and Popish recusants in England, February–April. Dreux taken by Henry IV., June 18. He abjures Protestantism, July 25. Gertruydenberg taken by Prince Maurice. Birth of Izaak Walton (died, 1683).

1594. Coronation of Henry IV. at Chartres, February 27. He enters Paris, March 22. Submission of the Sorbonne, April. Reduction of Groningen by Prince Maurice, July 22. Brest taken from Spaniards by French and English, November. Expulsion of the Jesuits from Paris, December 29. Rebellion of Tyrone in Ireland. Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity appears. Birth of Nicolas Poussin (died, 1665).