742 CHRONOLOGY [1716-1739, of Walpole, from October 10. Battle of Sheriffrnuir (Dunblane), November 13. Battle of Preston, November 12-13. Third Barrier Treaty between the emperor, Great Britain, and the States-General of Holland, November 15. The Morea reconquered by Turks. Treaty of commerce between Great Britain and Spain, December 15. Siege of Stralsund begun, October ; it surrenders to the Prussians, December 22. Gil Bias published. Pope s Homer s Iliad (1715- 1720). Birth of Condillac (died, 1780). 1716. Alliance between Great Britain and Holland, February 17. Execution of the Earl of Derwentwater and Lord Kenmure, February 24. Charles XII. invades Norway, March. Surrender of Wismar to Prussians, April 19. The Mississippi Scheme projected by Law, May. The Septennial Act passed, May 7. Alliance between Great Britain and the emperor, May 25. Turks defeated by. Eugene at Peterwardein, August 5. The Perpetual Peace pro claimed at Warsaw, November 3. Sinking fund for extinction of national debt established. Birth of Garrick (died, 1779). Birth of Thomas Gray (died, 1771). 1717. Triple Alliance between France, England, and Holland, January 4. Dismissal of Walpole, April 10. Visit of Czar Peter to Paris, May. Treaty of Amsterdam between France, Eussia, and Prussia, August 4. Turks defeated by Eugene at Belgrade, August 16. Sardinia invaded by Spaniards, August-October. Eruption of Vesuvius, described by Berkeley. Birth of Horace Walpole (died, 1797). Birth of D Alembert (died, 1783). 1718. Invasion of Sicily by Spaniards, July 1. Peace of Passaro- wicz, July 21. Byng s expedition to the Mediterranean, summer. The Quadruple Alliance between Great Britain, France, and the emperor, joined by Holland, August 2. Siege of Fredrikshall by Charles XI I., November. Death of Charles, December 11. England declares war on Spain, December 27. 1719. Retreat of Swedes from Norway, January. France declares war against Spain, January 10. Execution of Baron Gortz, March 13. Capitulation of Fontarabia to Marshal Berwick, June 18. Capitulation of St Sebastian, August 19. Capture of Vigo by the English, October 21. Treaty of Stockholm between Great Britain and Sweden, November 20. Dismissal of Cardinal Alberoni, December 5. Robinson Crusoe published. Montfaucon s Ant i quite Expliquee. Watts s Psalms of David. 1720. Accession of Spain to the Quadruple Alliance, January 25. Duke of Savoy becomes king of Sardinia. Treaty between Denmark and Sweden, June 12. Failure of the Mississippi Scheme, July. Break-up of the South Sea Scheme, autumn. Birth of Charles Edward Stuart, December 31. Birth of William Collins (died, 1756). 1721. Second administration of Sir Robert Walpole begins, April 4. Innocent XIII. pope, May 8. Treaty of Nystadt, between Sweden and Russia, September 10 ; cession of Livonia and Ingria to Russia. Peter I. emperor of all the Russias, Novem ber. The see of Vienna made an archbishopric. Birth of A ken- side (died, 1770). Birth of Robertson, historian (died, 1793). Birth of Smollett (died, 1771). 1722. Jacobite plot in England, May. Suspension of Habeas Corpus Act, October. Bishop Atterbury sent to the Tower, August. Invasion of Persia by Peter, summer. Conquest of Persia by the Ghiljeis completed, October. Coronation of Louis XV., October 25. Moravian settlement at Herrnhut founded by Count von Zinzendorf. 1723. Buda burnt, March 28. Death of Cardinal Dubois, August 10. Death of Regent Orleans, December 2. War between Turkey and Persia. Treaty between Peter I. and Prince Thomas for cession of several provinces. Academy of Sciences of St Petersburg founded. Birth of Sir Joshua Reynolds (died, 1792). Birth of Benedict XIII. pope, May 29. Treaty of peace between Russia and Turkey, July 8. On death of Don Louis, Philip resumes the crown, September 6. Eruption of Hecla. Voltaire s Henriade published. EapiiisHistoircd Anglcterre. Swift s Drapiers Letters. Wollaston s Religion of Nature Delineated. Fahrenheit s thermometer invented Birth of Kant (died, 1804). 1725. Death of Peter the Great, February 8. Congress of Cambray breaks up, April. Treaty of Vienna between the emperor and Philip V. signed, April 30. The Hanover treaty between England, _France, and Prussia against the Vienna treaty, September 3. Marriage of Louis with Maria Leczinski, September 5. Order of St Alexander Newsky founded. Vico s Scienza Nuova published. Flainsteed s Historia Coslestis Britannica. Pope s Homer s Odyssey Birth of Cliye (died, 1774). Birth of Semler (died, 1794). 1726. Alliance between Russia and the empire, August 6. Earth quake at Palermo, August 26. Travels of Gulliver published. Thomson s Seasons (1726-1730). Birth of John Howard (died, 1790). Birth of Christian Friedrich Schwarz (died, 1798). Death of Kneller (born, 1648). 1727. Siege of Gibraltar by Spaniards, February. Peter II. emperor of Russia, May 27. Preliminaries of general peace signed at Pans, May 31. George II. king of England, July 10. Gay s Beggar s Opera produced. Aberration of light discovered by Brad ley. First part of Lardner s Credibility of the Gospel History pub lished (completed, 1757). Birth of Gainsborough (died, 1788). 1728. Congress of Soissons, June 14. Behring s Strait discovered. Rise of Methodism. Birth of Goldsmith (died, 1774). Birth of John Hunter (died, 1793). Birth of Joseph Black (died, 1799). Sect of Glassites (Sandemanians) founded. The Dunciad published. 1729. Revolt of Corsica against the Genoese. Peace of Seville, between Great Britain, France, and Spain, November 9. Accession of Holland, November 21. Birth of Lessing (died 1781). Death of Samuel Clarke (born, 1675). Death of Sir Richard Steele (born, 1671). 1730. Ashraf of Persia defeated and killed by Kouli Khan (Nadir Shah), January ; Tamasp restored. Anne empress of Russia, January 30. Clement XII. pope, July 12. Earthquake in China, September 30. Christian VI. king of Denmark, October 13. Mahmoud I. sultan, October 16. Birth of Burke (died, 1797). Birth of Josiah Wedgwood (<Hed, 1795). Birth of Suwaroff (died, 1800). Tindal s Christianity/ as Old as the Creation published. Calmet s Dictionnaire liistorique et critique de la Bible. 1731. Second Treaty of Vienna, March 16. Accession of Spain, July 22. Kouli Khan defeats Turks at Hamadan. The English language ordered to be used in all courts of justice. Voltaire s Lcttrcs philosophiqucs published (condemned to be burnt, 1734). Birth of Cowper (died, 1800). Birth of Churchill (died, 1764). Birth of Henry Cavendish (died, 1810). 1732. Treat} between Empress Anne and Kouli Khan, January. Pragmatic sanction guaranteed by Diet of the empire, January 11. Oran retaken by Spaniards, July. Deposition of Shah Tamasp by Kouli Kha:i, August. Berkeley s Minute Philosopher published. Birth of Necker (died, 1804). Birth of Lalande (died, 1807). Birth of Washington. Birth of Warren Hastings. Birth of Haydn (died, 1809). 1733. Death of Frederick Augustus II. of Poland, February 1 ; Stanislas proclaimed king, September 12, supported by France and Spain ; Frederick Augustus, elector of Saxony, elected, October 5, supported by the emperor, and by Russia. Louis XV. declares war against the emperor, October 10. Capture of Kehl by Marshal Berwick, October 19. Treaty of alliance between France, Spain and Sardinia, October 25. Stanislas takes refuge at Dantzie. Family compact between Philip V. and Louis XV., November.- Conquest of the Milanese by the French, November-January, 1734. Pope s Essay on Man published. Birth of Bishop Horsley (died, 1806). Birth of Priestley (died, 1804). 1734. Siege of Dantzic by Russians, March ; surrendered, July 9. Treves taken by the French, May 8. Invasion of Naples by Spaniards, May. Battle of Bitonto, defeat of Imperialists, May 25. Marshal Berwick killed before Philippsburg, June 12. Death of Marshal Villars, June 17. Imperialists defeated at Parma, June 29. Surrender of Philippsburg to French, July 18. Battle of Guas- talla, Imperialists defeated, September 19. Conquest of Naples completed, November 24. Birth of Ronmey (died, 1802). Birth of Mcsmer (died, 1815). 1735. Don Carlos crowned king of the Two Sicilies (Charles III.), July 3. Preliminaries of peace between France and the emperor signed at Vienna, October 3. The Sy sterna Nature? of Linnseus published. Expedition of French savants to Peru to measure a degree of the meridian (they return in 1743). 1736. Abdication of Stanislas, January 27, Marriage of Maria Theresa of Austria with Francis of Lorraine, February 12. Kouli Khan proclaimed king of Persia (Nadir Shah), February 26. Porteous riots at Edinburgh, April 14 and September 7. Spain accedes to treaty of peace, April 15. War between Russia and Turkey renewed, April. Death of Prince Eugene, April 27. Azoff taken by the Rus sians, July 1. Treaty of peace between Nadir Shah and the Porte, July. Tuscany occupied by the Imperialists, December. Steam - vessel patenteed by Hulls. Butler s Analogy published. Birth of Home Tooke (died, 1812). Birth of Prince Potemkin (died, 1791). Birth of Lagrange (died, 1813). Birth of James Watt (died, 1819). 1737. The emperor makes war on Turkey, July. OezakofT taken by Russians, July. Death of Queen Caroline of England, Decem ber 1. University of Gottingen opened. Winston s Josfp/ix.i pub lished. Birth of Gibbon (died, 1794). Birth of Charles Hutton (died, 1823). Birth of Galvani (died, 1798). 1738. Candahar taken by Nadir Shah, March. Russian invasion of the Crimea renewed. Orsova taken by Turks, August 9. Alliance between France and Sweden, November 10. Treaty of Vienna between France and the emperor ; cession of Lorraine to France, November 18. Nadir Shah declares war on the Great Mogul, and seizes Ghazni, Cabul, and Peshawur. Handel s Israel in Egypt produced. Birth of William Herschel (died, 1822). Birth of Benjamin West (died, 1820). Hume s Treatise of Human Nature published. Warburton s Divine Legation of Moses (1738- 1741). Rollin s Histoire Ancienne completed. Solar microscope invented by Lieberkiihn.
1 739. The Great Mogul defeated and captured by Nadir Shah,