C H I
C H I
CHEVRONED, is when the coat is filled with an equal number of chevrons, of colour and metal.
CHEVRONEL, a diminutive of chevron, and as ſuch only containing half a chevron.
CHEVRONNE, or Chevronny, ſignifies the dividing of the ſhield ſeveral times chevron-wiſe.
CHEWING-BALLS, a kind of balls made of aſafœtida, liver of antimony, bay-wood, juniper-wood, and pellitory of Spain; which being dried in the ſun, and wrapped in a linen-cloth, are tied to the bit of the bridle for the horſe to chew: they create an appetite; and it is ſaid, that balls of Venice treacle may be uſed in the ſame manner with good ſucceſs.
CHIAMPA, the ſouth diviſion of Cochin-china, a country of the Eaſt-Indies.
CHIAN earth, in pharmacy, one of the medicinal earths of the ancients, the name of which is preſerved in the catalogues of the materia medica but of which nothing more than the name has been known for many ages in the ſhops.
It is a very denſe and compact earth, and is ſent hither in ſmall flat pieces from the iſland of Chios, in which it is found in great plenty at this time. It ſtands recommended to us as an aſtringent. They tell us, it is the greateſt of all coſmetics, and that it gives a whiteneſs and ſmoothneſs to the ſkin, and prevents wrinkles, beyond any of the other ſubſtances that have been celebrated for the ſame purpoſes.
CHIAPA, the capital of a province of the ſame name in Mexico, ſituated about 300 miles eaſt of Acapulco: W. long. 98°, and N. lat. 16° 30′.
CHIARASCO, a fortified town of Peidmont in Italy, ſituated on the river Tanaro, twenty miles ſouth-eaſt of Turin, and ſubject to the king of Sardinia: E. long. 7° 45′, and N. lat. 44° 40′.
CHIARENZA, a port-town of the north-weſt coaſt of the Morea, oppoſite to the iſland Zant, in the Mediterranean, and ſubject to the Turks: E. long. 21° 15′, and N. lat 37° 35′.
CHIARO-SCURO, among painters. See Claro-obscuro.
CHICHESTER, the capital city of Suſſex, ſituated fifty-two miles ſouth-weſt of London, and twelve miles eaſt of Portſmouth: W. long. 50′, N. lat. 50° 50′. It is a biſhop's ſee, and ſends two members to parliament.
New Chichester, a port-town of Penſilvania, ſituated on the river Delawar, below Cheſter. See Chester.
CHICK, or Chicken, in zoology, denotes the young of the gallinaceous order of birds, eſpecially the common hen. See Phasianus.
Chicken-pox. See Small-Pox, and Medicine.
Chick-weed, in botany. See Alsine.
CHICKLING pea, in botany, a name given to the lathyrus. See Lathyrus.
CHICUITO, or Cuyo, a province of South America, bounded by the province of La Plata on the north-eaſt, and by Chili on the weſt.
CHIDLEY, or Chimley, a market-town of Devonſhire, about eighteen miles north-weſt of Exeter: W. long. 4°, N. lat. 51°.
CHIEF, a term ſignifying the head or principal part of a thing or perſon. Thus we ſay, the chief of a party, the chief a family, &c.
Chief, in heraldry, is that which takes up all the upper part of the eſcutcheon from ſide to ſide, and repreſents a man’s head. See Plate LXV. fig. 4.
It is to take up juſt the third part of the eſcutcheon, as all other honourable ordinaries do, eſpecially if they are alone on the ſhield; but if there be ſeveral of them, they muſt be leſſened in proportion to their number, and the ſame holds when they are cantoned, attended and bordered upon by ſome other figures; then the painter or engraver may be allowed to bring them into a ſmaller compaſs, to the end that all that is repreſented about the ordinaries may appear with ſome proportion and ſymmetry. Chiefs are very much varied, for they may be couvert, ſupported, crenellé, ſurmounted, abaiſé, rempli, dentillé, engreſlé, canellé, danché, nebulé, fleurdelezée, fleuronné, vair, echequeté, lozangé, burellé, patté, fretté, giroché, chaperonné, chappé, mantelé, emmanché, chauſſé, veſtu or reveſtu. See Couvert, Supported, &c.
In Chief, imports ſomething borne in the chief part or top of the eſcutcheon.
Chief lord, the feudal lord, or lord of an honour on whom others depend.
Chief-justice of the king's bench and common pleas. See Justice.
CHIEFTAIN, denotes the captain, or chief, of any claſs, family, or body of men: thus, the chieftains, or chiefs, of the highland clans, were the principal noblemen or gentlemen of their reſpective clans.
CHIERI, a fortified town of Peidmont in Italy, ſituated eight miles eaſt of Turin: E. long. 7° 45′, N. lat. 44° 50′.
CHILBLAINS, in medicine. See Pernio.
CHILD-bed. See Midwifery.
Child-birth. See Midwifery.
CHILDERMAS-day or Innocent's-day, an aniverſary held by the church, on the 28th of December, in commemoration of the children at Bethlehem, maſſacred by order of Herod.
CHILI, a province of ſouth America, bounded by Peru on the north, by the province of La Plata on the eaſt, by Patagonia on the ſouth, and by the Pacific ocean on the weſt; lying between 25° and 45° S. lat. and between 75° and 85° W. long. But ſome comprehend Patagonia in Chili, extending it to cape Horn, in 57° 30′ S. lat.
CHILIAD, denotes a thouſand of any things, ranged in ſeveral diviſions, each whereof contains that number.
CHILIARCHA, or Chiliarchus, in antiquity, a military officer, who had the command of a thouſand men.
CHILIASTS, in church-hiſtory. See Millenarians.
CHILMINAR, Chelminar, or Tchelminar, the moſt beautiful piece of architecture remaining of all antiquity, being the ruins of the famous palace of Perſepolis, to which Alexander the Great, in a drunken fit, ſet fire, at the inſtigation of Thais the courtezan;
