particularly perturbed by the experience because they do not have much history or experience of being subject to such treatment (T119:34-42).
137 Professor Paradies concluded that the impact experienced, upon reading Senator Hanson's tweet, by a person who shared any or some of the Group Attributes would likely be exacerbated when the publisher is a colleague, a person with a significant public profile or an elected public official. He said that the harms outlined at [36] of the concise statement are consistent with what he would expect a person who shares any or some of the Group Attributes to suffer after becoming aware of Senator Hanson's tweet. That harm is described as:
- (1) suffering offence, insult, humiliation and intimidation;
- (2) psychological distress, mental ill-health, fear including fear of imminent physical attack and hypervigilance including to the extent of insomnia and lack of enjoyment of home and private life; and
- (3) experiencing inhibition and self-censorship in personal and professional life, having feelings of being silent, having feelings of illegitimacy or invalidity of their views, opinions, experiences and expertise, being caused to second guess and "tone police" their responses and reactions to situations, having feelings of isolation and being stripped of a sense of belonging, having feelings of displacement, marginalisation and ostracization, and suffering a reduction in the enjoyment of their human rights.
138 In closing submissions, the only challenge to Professor Paradies evidence was to his conclusions, as probed in cross-examination, that Senator's Hanson's tweet would be likely to cause the results that he identified. That was on the basis that the assessment of any likely response is context and fact specific, and that it cannot therefore be said that a particular response was likely for a group of people as a group. Professor Paradies' evidence cited on behalf of Senator Hanson in support of that submission is this (T100:24-30):
MS CHRYSANTHOU: And you agree, don't you, that, depending on the context and the severity of the racism in question and perhaps other moderating factors, there is not some generalised study that finds that racism as a whole, in all forms, will give rise to each of these adverse health reactions? --- No. No. The impacts of racism are contextual to the setting, to expectations, to previous experiences, to aspects and characteristics of the person who experiences racism and also characteristics of perpetrators and even witnesses and bystanders in the setting where racism has occurred.
139 That answer does not detract from the force of Professor Paradies' evidence. The individualised characteristics of persons exposed to racism will have a bearing on whether they are more or
